대공황기 미국 여성노동시장의 변화

• 영문명: The change of woman’ labor market in America during the Great Depression
• 발행기관: 한국세계문화사학회
• 저자명: 황은정(Eun-Jeong Hwang)
• 간행물 정보: 『세계역사와 문화연구』제26집, 145~171쪽, 전체 27쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.06.30

영문 초록

The Great Depression began with the Wall Street Crash of October, 1929 and rapidly spread worldwide. Ideologically, the depression gave new currency to the dogma that woman’s place was at home, that women who worked did so mainly for “pin money,“ and that jobs should be reserved for male “breadwinners”. As unemployment rose an family income sank, government, business, labor, and public opinion reinforced the need to exclude married women from the work force. But throughout the depression, women’s overall participation in the labor market increased, to a higher level than ever before. Women entered the labor market at twice the rate of men, the number of women workers rose 25, and the proportion of married women who worked rose as well. The increasing number of women in the work market has many different causes. First of all, There was sexual segregation in the labor market. Women workers were concentrated in “women’s fields,” such as sales, clerical, and service occupation, and these were less hard hit than the areas of heavy industry where few women were employed. In addition, while all wages fell, women’s wages actually rose proportionally until thery were 63 percent of men’s wage. Second, there were efforts of many influential women. Jane Addams founded Hull House in a Chicago slum in 1889. It offered highly-educated women, who had felt powerless due a lack of opportunities to do professional work, the opportunity to apply their knowledge. These women worked as key members of the social reform movement. In addition, they advanced into the department of administration, which meant that they had an influence on the construction of the national welfare system. Jane Addams’ legacy continued with the ‘New Deal’. As a result, women made unprecedented in roads on appointive office, a triumph symbolized by Frances Perkin’s appointment as labor secretary and she constructed women’s network in the administration during the New Deal. Finally, the fact that there was an increase in the number and proportion of married women in the labor market between 1920 and 1940 indicates that traditional value were gradually breaking down in the face of changes. Women and their families were willing to accept a new life-style in response to a personal recognition of economic realities. To the extent that these women were from middle-income families. Since then The increase of married women in the labor market continued. Therefore, Great Depression is the time to strengthen the basics of modern labor force in America.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 여성의 노동시장 진출에 대한 대중의 인식과 법적규제

Ⅲ. 대공황기 기혼여성의 노동시장 편입

Ⅳ. 대공황기 노동시장의 분화와 여성들의 정치적 네트워크

Ⅴ. 대공황기 기혼 여성들의 전통적 가치관의 변화

Ⅵ. 결론

키워드

Great Depression 대공황 married women worker 기혼여성노동자 women’s network 여성 네트워크 sexual segregation in labor market 노동시장에서의 성적 분화 change of traditional value 전통적 가치관의 변화