竹木案與太平興國年間政局

• 영문명: The Bamboo and Timber Smuggling Case and Political Situation in the Period of Taipingxingguo
• 발행기관: 경북대학교 아시아연구소
• 저자명: Zhang Chenguang(張晨光)
• 간행물 정보: 『아시아연구』제21호, 5~29쪽, 전체 25쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.10.30

국문 초록

北宋 太平興國 5년에 三司의 長官이었던 王仁贍은 고위 관직자들이 금령을 빙자하여 陝西 秦岭과 甘肅 隴山 일대의 竹木을 사적으로 판매하고, 운반 과정에서 성지를 거짓으로 전해 세금을 탈세하고, 관원들에게 청탁하여 고가로 관청에 매입했던 사실을 폭로했다. 宋 太宗은 크게 노하여 사적으로 竹木을 판매한 관원들을 처벌했다. 청탁을 받았던 三司의 관원들, 청탁하는 일을 도왔던 開封府의 관원들은 물론이고, 운송을 맡은 四館員들도 상부에 보고를 하지 않았다는 이유로 모두 연좌되었다. 태종은 竹木을 사적으로 직접 판매한 관원들을 엄하게 처벌하지는 않았다. 시간이 어느 정도 흐른 뒤 이들을 복직시키거나 승진시켰다. 하지만 이들과 연루된 관원들에 대해서는 상대적으로 엄중한 처벌을 내렸다. 그 까닭은 사적으로 을 판매한 권원들의 신분이 특수했기 때문이다. 태종은 이들을 기반으로 정권을 다질 필요가 있었다. 사적 판매를 통해 이득을 취하는 관습은 이미 오랜 관행이라 본래 큰 문제가 아니라고 판단했던 것이다. 즉 정치 경험이 풍부했던 태종은 통제를 어느 정도 풀어주면서 내적으로 결합을 더 강화시키는 정치적 수완을 발휘했던 것이다. 그러나 연좌된 관원들은 국가 기구의 정상적인 운행에 차질을 가져오고, 국가적 이익을 해친다는 이유로 태종에게 용서를 얻지 못했다. 三司의 長官이었던 王仁贍이 이 사건을 터트린 것에는 정치적 요인이 존재한다. 太平興國 연간(976~983) 태종은 二府와 三司에 太祖 시절의 舊臣들을 여전히 남겨두고 계속해서 장관을 맡도록 했다. 하지만 자신의 측근을 차관급(副職)이나 별도의 장관직을 만들어 임용하거나, 친히 정무를 집행하는 두 가지 방식으로 舊臣들을 통제했으며, 또 대량의 측근을 등용시켜 국가의 각종 사업에 참여시켰다.

영문 초록

In the fifth year of Taipingxingguo in Northern Song Dynasty, Wang Renshan, the chief official of San-si exposed the bamboo and timber smuggling case. In this case, prominent officials smuggled bamboo and timber from Qin and Long Prefectures, evaded taxes with false imperial edicts in transportation, and sold to the government with high prices. Emperor Taizong was angry and punished these officials. Officials in San-si got involved for providing help with giving a long price for bamboo and timber, an official in Kaifeng Prefecture Government got involved for helping with requesting the help from San-si, officials in Zhuan-yun-si got involved for not impeaching. These smuggler officials were not punished seriously. Their official positions or ranks were returned or promoted soon. However, the involved officials in San-si, Zhuan-yun-si and Kaifeng Prefecture Government were punished seriously. The reason is that Emperor Taizong needed to rely on these smuggler officials with special identities to make his regime stable; the custom of officials’ doing business had a long tradition and was not too harmful; as an experienced political figure, Emperor Taizong knew very well the importance of tolerance and unity. Nevertheless, the involved officials undermined the normal functioning of state institutions and encroached on the national interest, which was not tolerated by Emperor Taizong. As the chief official of San-si, Wang Renshan exposed this case, under which political factors lay. As Emperor Taizu’s trusted follower, Wang Renshan had a criminal record of corruption, but had no special fiscal talents. In the period of Taipingxingguo, Emperor Taizong still retained the officials who Emperor Taizu appointed, as chief officials in Zhong-shu, Shu-mi-yuan and San-si. Meanwhile, Emperor Taizong appointed his trusted follower as another chief official or set up a vice position, and intervened in policies by himself in order to get full control. Moreover, Emperor Taizong made his trusted followers participate in various state affairs. As for San-si, Emperor Taizong retained Wang Renshan as the chief official and newly set up the position of San-si Fu-shi as his deputy. Most of these deputies were Emperor Taizong’s trusted followers, and had fiscal talents. Regardless of the opposition of Wang, Emperor Taizong dispatched Shi-chen to prefectures to manage revenue-producing institutions. When the incomes got several times more than before, Wang’s incompetence in finance was thoroughly exposed. In the period of Taipingxingguo, Wang held high post and rank, but was counterbalanced by Emperor Taizong’s trusted followers and subdued by Emperor Taizong himself. In the forth year of Taipingxingguo, the Song Dynasty conquered the regime of Northern Han and completed its unification by and large. Fan Min came back to the court with Emperor Taizong from the war front. Fan was then Wang’s deputy and had double identities of both a fiscal expert and trusted follower of Emperor Taizong, which made him become Wang’s competitor. In the next year, Wang exposed this case, squeezed Fan out of the court, attacked the newly emerging officials such as Cheng Dexuan who were in close relations with the new emperor, and thereby kept his position. This case could be seen as the conflict of trusted followers between the late Emperor Taizu and the present Emperor Taizong. This case exposed that Prince Qin Tingmei had association with the smuggler officials and provided help to encroach on the national interest, which came into Emperor Taizong’s notice. Tingmei suffered no punishment, but made Lv Duan, the Pan-guan of Kaifeng Prefecture Government become the scapegoat. It had something to do with the political situation in the period of Taipingxingguo. Emperor Taizong had not made full preparation at that time. In the next year, Tingmei began to be persecuted and this case catalyzed the political persecution in a sense. Through this case, we can hav

목차

[提要]

一、案情槪述

二、涉案人員剖析

三、由竹木案略窺太平興國年間政局

結語

키워드

Northern Song Dynasty Taipingxingguo the bamboo and timber smuggling case Emperor Taizong in Song Dynasty San-si Fu-shi trusted follower Wang Renshan Tingmei 北宋 太平興國 竹木案 宋太宗 三司副使 親信 王仁贍 廷美