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Проблемы русско-китайской чайной торговли в середине ХIХ в

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영문명
Problems of the Russian-Chinese tea trade in the mid 19th century
발행기관
충북대학교 러시아 알타이지역 연구소
저자명
В.Г. Дацышен
간행물 정보
『러시아학』러시아학 제11호, 97~116쪽, 전체 20쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 기타인문학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2015.02.01
5,200

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논문 표지

국문 초록

Середина XIX в. явилась переломной в истории России. В 1850-х гг. страна пере-живала сложное время, отставание в социально-экономическом развитии стало зримым в самых разных сферах экономики и политики. Отражением этого было и поражение в Крымской войне, и начало реформирования государственного управления и социально-экономической организации. В это же время, в результате поражения Ци- нского Китая от Англии и Франции в Опиумных (Торговых) войнах была разру- шена вся старая традиционная система международных отношений в Восточной Азии. К середине XIX в. важнейшей составляющей всей мировой системы торгово- экономических отношений была чайная торговля. Страны Запада в больших объемах ввозили из Китая чай, что стимулировало внешнеполитическую и внешнеторговую активность «чаепотребляющих государств» на Дальнем Востоке. Не была здесь исключением и Россия, для которой ввоз чая был основой торговых отношений с самым большим соседом и главным торговым партнером на Дальнем Востоке. В этих условиях русско-китайская чайная торговля была важным фактором преобразований, и, кроме того, она сама в середине XIX в. оказалась в центресобытий и реформ.

영문 초록

The article is devoted to the complex problems of the Russian-Chinese Tea Trade development in the turning point for Russian life and international relations in EastAsia. Coming in the stage of formation in the 18th century and reached its peak during the first half of the 19th century Kyakhtinsk Tea Trade experienced severe crisis in the 1850s. This crisis was caused by a complex of the fallowing factors. The new realities of the Tea Trade, when the expensive Tea for Russian elite consumers, was replaced by less expensive usually consumed by the ordinary people, caused a conflict with traditional organization and regulation of Tea Trade, preserved from the old times. With the situation of backwardness in Russian industry and tea demands growth, it was not possible to continue barter trade any more. Forcible opening of China by the British gave the competitive advantages, which destroyed Kyakhtinsk Tea monopoly. Massive popular uprisings in China destroyed the old system of tea deliveries to the Russian borders. The Kyakhtinsk Tea Trade crisis led to the growth of smuggling and falsification of tea, as well as lack of tea, delivered to the Russian border. Russian government called off the barter system and Kyakhtinsk monopoly. And all contractual and legal framework of the Russian-Chinese trade was changed in 1851-1860 years. Border trade was transformed into a cross-border. The tea from Fujian province in the Russian market was largely replaced by tea from the province of Hubei. Hankow port became the center of tea production and trade. A significant part of the tea for Russian market was delivered by sea to Odessa city, however, the Russian government with a flexible customs policy also retained the Kyakhtinsk Tea Trade. Saving the Russian-Chinese Tea Trade route through Siberia, allowed to develop the Asian regions of Russia and the history of international relations in East Asia.

목차

1. Введение
2. Русско-китайская чайная торговля в XVII – первой пол. XIX вв
3. Кризис Кяхтинской торговли
4. Выход из кризиса чайной торговли
5. Заключение

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APA

В.Г. Дацышен. (2015).Проблемы русско-китайской чайной торговли в середине ХIХ в. 러시아학, (11), 97-116

MLA

В.Г. Дацышен. "Проблемы русско-китайской чайной торговли в середине ХIХ в." 러시아학, .11(2015): 97-116

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