성공적인 한국 기업집단의 경영체제 특성과 미래 방향 모색

• 영문명: Governance Systems of Successful Korean Corporate Groups
• 발행기관: 한국인사조직학회
• 저자명: 이경묵(Kyungmook Lee) 홍길표(Kil-Pyo Hong)
• 간행물 정보: 『인사조직연구』인사조직연구 제22권 제1호, 1~38쪽, 전체 37쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경영학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2014.03.31

국문 초록

본 논문에서는 세계적인 경쟁력을 가진 한국 기업집단의 경영체제를 분석함으로써, 경영체제상의 한국 기업의 성공요인을 찾아내고, 이를 바탕으로 한국 기업의 경영체제가 지향할 방향을 제시하고자 한다. 이를 위해 먼저 한국기업의 경영체제 특성을 연구하기 위한 핵심주제와 그 현상특성에 대해 개관하였고, 이를 기반으로 사례연구의 분석관점을 구성했다. 사례연구는 세계적인 경쟁력을 갖춘 한국 기업집단인 삼성그룹, 현대기아차그룹, 포스코그룹을 대상으로 수행했다. 사례연구를 바탕으로 한국의 대표적 기업집단이 세계적인 기업집단으로 도약하는데 기여한 경영체제상의 세 가지 특성을 도출하였다. 첫째, 세계적인 기업을 만들겠다는 원대한 비전과 강렬한 의지를 가지고 있으면서도 동시에 주력사업의 핵심성공요소를 잘 이해한 뛰어난 그룹 최고결정권자가 존재했다는 점, 둘째, 이들이 장기간 기업을 이끌면서 막강한 권한을 행사할 수 있도록 지배기반을 제공한 계열사간 복합적인 소유구조와 계열사간 관계를 유지할 수 있었다는 점, 셋째, 그룹 최고결정권자의 리더십 및 소유구조 특성에 적합한 그룹경영시스템을 구축하여 그룹 임직원들의 역량을 결집해 나갔다는 점 등을 들 수 있다. 이들 사례가 다른 한국기업에 던지는 시사점으로 본 연구에서는 주력사업의 핵심성공요소를 잘 이해하면서도 세계 일류기업을 만들겠다는 강한 의지를 가진 최고결정권자의 육성과 검증, 장기적인 관점에서의 비전경영, 조직의 각 부문과 임직원들이 그룹 최고결정권자의 강한 의지에 맞게 행동하도록 하는 그룹경영 시스템의 구축이 필요하다는 점을 제시하였다.

영문 초록

This paper aims to identify the success factors in the governance systems of Korean corporate groups and suggests the future directions of the governance systems of Korean firms by analyzing three successful Korean corporate groups: Samsung, Hyundai-Kia Motors, and POSCO. In order to analyze their governance structures, we developed a two-by-two matrix framework to identify their key governance system characteristics. In one dimension, we distinguish non-Chaebol corporate groups from Chaebol type. In the other dimension, we identify vertically-integrated corporate groups with a single core business from diversified corporate groups with multiple core businesses. Samsung group is a Chaebol type corporate group with multiple core businesses, while Hyundai-Kia Motors group is a Chaebol type corporate group with a single core business. POSCO group is a non-Chaebol corporate group with a single core business. Then, we describe the governance systems of each corporate group in detail. We collected data mainly by interviewing multiple executives of those groups. Samsung group is the largest and most successful Korean corporate group so far. It has grown very fast and has become a world-class corporate group under the leadership of group Chairman Kun-Hee Lee. Key characteristics of Samsung’s governance system can be summarized as follows. First, the role of Chairman Lee has been critical in Samsung’s success in the global market. He had a very strong will to transform Samsung into a world-class corporate group, provided an audacious vision to organizational members of the Samsung group, and suggested basic direction to transform the group by using his business insight. He directed the group with a long-term vision and deep understanding of the critical success factors of Samsung’s major businesses. Chairman Lee’s vision has been implemented by a very powerful group headquarters and by professional managers. The group headquarters coordinates and integrates decisions of affiliate companies to pursue group level optimization. The headquarters exerts a strong influence on nominating directors and executives of affiliate companies, and is involved in major investment decisions of the affiliates. Executives of affiliate companies are nominated on the basis of their own performance as well as of the performance of the organizational unit they work for. Monetary compensation of organizational members is very tightly linked with business performance and thus the incentives of stockholders, executives, and the rank-and-file are tightly aligned. This tight incentive alignment helps Samsung concentrate efforts of its employees to achieve the vision of Chairman Lee. The Hyundai-Kia Motors group has emerged as a major player in world automobile industry under the leadership of Chairman Mong-Ku Chung. Similar to Samsung’s Chairman Lee, Chairman Chung had a very strong will to build up a world-class automobile corporate group, provided an audacious vision, and dictated the quality improvement as the most important success factor in the automobile industry. While Chairman Lee delegates most of his decisions to professional managers in Samsung, Chairman Chung remains involved in major decisions of his affiliate companies. Chairman Chung has practiced “management by wandering around.” He has frequently visited major places of his concern and checks whether his vision is being properly implemented. Group headquarters does not play a major role in group-level governance in this group but provide decision support services to Chairman Chung and the CEOs of affiliate companies. While a very large portion of executives in affiliate companies of Samsung group are trained in managerial functions such as finance, accounting, human resources management, and auditing, the majority of executives in the Hyundai-Kia Motors group are trained in assembly, quality control, sales and marketing, and R&D.

목차

초록

Ⅰ. 연구의 배경 및 목적

Ⅱ. 한국기업의 경영체제 특성 연구의 핵심 주제

Ⅲ. 성공적인 한국 기업집단의 경영체제 특성 분석

Ⅳ. 결론과 한국 기업에 대한 시사점

참고문헌

Abstract

키워드

기업집단 경영체제 지배구조 소유구조 기업집단의 성공요인 Corporate groups Governance systems Governance structure Ownership structure Success factors of Korean corporate groups