『동의보감』양생관의 생태철학적 의의

• 영문명: A Study on the View of Nursing Life(養生觀) in the Donguibogam『東醫寶鑑』
• 발행기관: 한국외국어대학교 철학문화연구소
• 저자명: 김미림(Kim, Mi-Lim)
• 간행물 정보: 『철학과 문화』철학과 문화 18집, 63~106쪽, 전체 44쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 철학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2009.09.30

국문 초록

본 논문은 도가·도교 사상에 바탕을 두고 있는『동의보감』의 양생관에 관한 고찰을 통해 우리들이 당면한 생태위기 문제의 해결방안을 모색하는 데 그 목적이 있다. 부언하자면 환경에 관한 우리의 인식을 새롭게 함으로써 그 해결책을 찾아보고자 하는 것이다. 『동의보감』은 우리에게 도에 바탕을 두어야 마음이 올바르게 다스려지며 마음을 잘 다스림으로써 병을 예방할 수 있다는 것을 보여주고 있다. 즉 양생의 요체는 도와 하나가 된 진인이 되어야 한다는 것이며 이를 위해서 내단 수련을 통한 심신의 수양이 필요하다는 것이다. 논자는 우리의 환경이 도와 기로 되어있다는 인식을 통해서 자연화경을 파괴하는 것이 곧 도와 기로 구성되어 있는 환경을 파괴하는 것이 되고 이것은 또한 도와 기로 구성되어 있는 우리의 몸을 파괴하는 것이 된다는 것을 나타내고자 한다. 그럼으로써 도와 하나가 되고자 하는 『동의보감』의 양생관이 곧 도와 기의 환경윤리로서 해석될 수 있으며, 이를 서양의 환경윤리인 근본 생태론과의 비교를 통해 근본 생태론의 형이상학적 근거를 제시해주는 생태철학으로 재조명될 수 있음을 밝히고자 한다. 아울러 근본 생태론에서 표방하고 있는 것은‘큰 자아실현’인데, 이것을 위한 구체적인 방법을 제시하고 있지 않은데 비해 『동의보감』에서는 이에 대한 방법론을 제시하고 있음을 보여주고자 한다.

영문 초록

Nowadays we live at the time of ecological crisis. The very fact of the breakdown of the environment points to a lack of understanding of the relationship between various forms of life and man's environment. In this respect, the ecological crisis leads us to found the environmental philosophy and causes us to pay attention to health-care. It was not until recently that modern medical and health-care researchers became aware of the limitations of the atomistic approach. As part of nature, man has to cultivate the internal link in him between himself and nature(the Tao) for his own growth and well-being. In this point of view, we can get the answer through the Korean traditional medical book, Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』). I compared the View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) with the western environmental theory-‘deep Ecology’. The normative characters of deep Ecology are‘Self-realization’ and ‘bio-egalitarianism.’ In Self-realization , the individual identifies with nature on a wider and wider scale, until the whole nature is encompassed in this identification. Essentially the whole nature becomes one with the widened Self, a concept that is comparable to the unity of tao. Deep ecology seeks to close the chasm between humans and nature by returning humanity to balanced coexistence with the natural world. Authors such as Sylvan, Bennett, and Nases propose that Taoist concepts such tao and ch'i help bridge the gap with an attitude of spiritual relatedness. In this point of view, we can investigate the View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam (『東醫寶鑑』). The View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam (『東醫寶鑑』) is that man has to naturalize man, treating nature as same as himself and as a member within the family of the Tao. The Tao is totality as well as parts of the totality pervading everything beyond our perception, so that we should not ignore what is hidden in our understanding of environment. The essence of the Tao is in "doing-something-on-its-own-acord (自然) or natural spontaneity. The Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) says that man has to follow the Tao for his own growth and well-being. The goal of a nursing life (養生) in the the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) is to be ‘a true man (眞人)’. The environment is generally conceived as something not static but dynamic, something not simply visible but invisible. In this sense, we can speak of the Tao as the true environment of man. As man is part of the Tao, it is only when he loses the sense of the Tao and respect for the Tao in his life that he becomes alienated from the Tao and his activities become a means of self- alienation that will inevitably result in the loss of the true identity by way of self-distruction. In this case the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) explains to us that it causes diseases and the best way for our growth and nursing life is to attain the integrated life of human beings with nature (the Tao). In this aspect, we need to have another consideration with regard to the importance of the Tao as the Ch'i . That is to say, the Tao focuses on reality as a passage of dynamic processes, whereas the Ch'i focuses on reality as a presence of material stuff that leads to actualization of things and the concretization of events. Only on this basis of understanding we are capable of for mulating an ethic of environment. The goal of an ethic of environment is to understand how human beings should relate environment to a true understanding of environment. In conclusion, The View of Nursing Life (養生觀) in the Donguibogam(『東醫寶鑑』) can be translated as an Environmental Ethic of the Tao and the Ch'i. And also it can be translated as a metaphysics of deep ecology as well as a proposal for the method of 'Self-realization' through abdominal breathing and cultivation of one's mind.

목차

【요약문】

Ⅰ. 들어가면서

Ⅱ. 현대의 생태담론 - 유기체적·전일적 세계관

Ⅲ. 생태중심주의-근본생태론

Ⅳ.『동의보감』의 양생관과 근본생태론

Ⅴ. 나오면서

【참고문헌】

【Abstract】

키워드

양생관 진인 도와 기의 환경윤리 The View of Nursing Life a true man Tao Ch'i 養生觀 眞人