남북한 군대 복무환경 연구

• 영문명: A Study of the Military Service Environments of South and North Korea
• 발행기관: 북한학회
• 저자명: 김의식(Eui-sik Kim)
• 간행물 정보: 『북한학보』北韓學報 第37輯 1號, 151~184쪽, 전체 34쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 정치외교학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.08.25

국문 초록

한반도의 통일은 정치ㆍ경제ㆍ사회ㆍ문화ㆍ군사 등 모든 분야가 안정적으로 통합되므로써 민족의 발전과 번영의 기초가 되도록 해야 하는데, 남북한은 지난 60여년간 높은 수준의 군사적 긴장상태를 유지해왔으므로 군사분야에서의 통합은 매우 어려운 과제가 될 것이다. 특히, 서로 다른 체제에서 적응해온 병력들을 어느 한쪽으로 통합하기 위해서는 각각의 복무환경에 대한 많은 연구가 필요하다. 북한군은 1948년 창군이후 1962년에 ‘경제ㆍ국방건설 병진노선’을 채택하고, 1966년에는 ‘4대 군사로선’을 확립한 이후 꾸준히 군사력을 건설하여 현재 119만명의 병력을 유지하고 있으며, 2006년 10월과 2009년 5월에는 핵실험까지 실시하였으나, 1990년대 초반부터 급격히 악화된 경제사정으로 인해 일일 급식량이 줄어들고, 병영생활에 필요한 보급품 지급이 감소되었으며, 의무복무기간이 연장되어 사회로 진출하는 시기가 지연되는 등 복무환경이 매우 악화되었다. 반면에 한국군은 1948년 창군이후 ‘일면국방 일면건설’ 정책으로 민간ㆍ군수산업이 균형있게 발전됨에 따라 1988년 서울올림픽이후 안정된 경제력을 바탕으로 급식상태와 병영시설을 꾸준히 개선하였으며, 의무복무 기간을 단축하고, 환자들에 대한 의료지원체계를 개선하는 등 선진화 된 복무환경을 갖추고 있다. 따라서 남북한 군대의 복무환경 수준을 객관적으로 비교한다면 군사통합에 어려움이 없을 것 같으나, 북한군은 군복무 결과가 대학 진학과 직장 배치에 영향을 주고, 식량 배급 등 여러 분야에서 일반 주민들보다 우선적으로 혜택을 받으며, 군부가 북한사회에 많은 영향력을 발휘하는 특권층으로 군림하고 있으므로 한국군 주도의 군사통합에 쉽게 응하지 않을 것이다.

영문 초록

In order for the Unification of the Korean peninsula to meet success, we must focus on building a foundation for national development and prosperity; in order to meet this goal, the stable integration of politics, the economy, society, culture, and military is an absolute necessity. During the separation, the North and the South have maintained dually alert military programs which will face great difficulty if (eventually) reconciled and integrated. In order to integrate these military forces harmoniously, many studies on the particular environment of each force will need to be conducted in so that their strengths can be maintained and adapted to one another. The Korean People’s Army was founded in 1948. After adopting ‘economy and military catching-up line’ in 1962 and establishing ‘4main military line’ in 1966, the army has steadily built up their military strength and currently maintains a force of 1,190,000. In 2006 and 2009 the Korean People’s Army carried out nuclear tests. Due to the rapid deterioration of the country’s economy in the early 1990’s rations were decreased, supplies reduced, and the term of military service extended. The extension of the military service delayed the servicemen’s entrance into the civilian world, and thus the military and civilian environment experienced social and financial exacerbation. On the other hand, ROK armed forces have grown based on ‘one side military one side economy’ policy and thus developed a balanced private defense industry. After the Seoul Olympics in 1988, ROK armed forces improved military facilities, shortened the term of military service, as well as upgraded the medical care support system. These series of changes have led us to a much further advanced, prosperous, and responsible military culture. Consequently, upon further consideration the difficulty of integrating the two militaries is not as daunting as it seems at first glance. The major issues would focus on the promises made by the North Korean government to it’s servicemen. Currently, the North Korean fulfillment of military duty affects both entrance to University programs as well as employment, or ‘work placement’. Furthermore, the North Korean army currently receives more rations than the civilian populace, thus turning the military into something of a ruling class, in which the servicemen have a disproportionate influence on society. In order to successfully implement military integration, it is important to instill a feeling of expectancy regarding the integration of lower classes of North Korean army. The Korean government should not appraise the North Korean service environment in Korean perspectives and not suggest immediate improvement of the environment on the same level as that of Korea. Although ROK armed forces are superior to The Korean People’s army according to the objective criteria, the level of satisfaction differs from individual to individual. With reference to research findings, Korea government should minimize the North Korean army’s impact, setup the proper criteria for stable integration and present integration suggestion.

목차

〈논문 요약〉

Ⅰ. 서론

2. 남북한 군대발전과 복무환경 변화과정

3. 남북한 군대의 복무환경 비교

4. 복무환경의 차이와 군사통합에의 시사점

참고문헌

〈Abstract〉

키워드

복무환경 군사통합 병역제도 병영생활 사기 복지 military service environment military integration the conscription system an army life morale & welfare