미국 기독교의 형성과 발전

• 영문명: Christianity of the United States : Its Formation and Development
• 발행기관: 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소
• 저자명: 김형인(Kim, Hyong-In)
• 간행물 정보: 『영미연구』제5집, 9~37쪽, 전체 29쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 영어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2000.02.28

영문 초록

People often regard Americans as the most secular and worldly people in the world. Nevertheless, they are very religious if we take off their superficial outlook. Although various ethnic groups live with diverse beliefs, a common charecteristic appears in their religious lives. The evangelical Protestantism sets its main tone. Nevertheless, various religious orders, sects, and churches coexist with each other, each maintaining its own religious creeds. Americans traditionally would not allow any particular religion to be public or national. However, a vague idea of civil religion or civic faith offers a religious bonding to connect them and to inspire them to be good citizens. This article analyzes why and how these particular characteristics arc formed. It traces the development. of American religion dividing its whole process into five periods First, in the colonial period, three religious forces are founded They are Congregational Presbyterian, and the Anglican Churches From the 1740s evangelical churches rose and the Baptist and Methodist churches expanded to become the largest religious orders by the turn of the twentieth century. In the early nineteenth century. the great influx of Catholics and various Eastern European churches added diversity to American religious life. Slavery issues broke each of the major Protestant churches into the Northern and Southern organizations. Religion revived after the Civil War. The late nineteenth century saw the rise of Social Darwinism and, simultaneously. Social Gospel In the earlier part of the twentieth century, religion became secularized and the number of church going people decreased. To counter this. fundamentalism appeared. In the post World War Two period, the strong anti-communism mood of the nation united all kinds of Christian orders. such as the Catholics. Protestants, and Judaism. As a result, the Americans elected the Catholic President Kennedy The counter culture of the 1960’s weakened religious zeal, however. Americans turned again to be religious Since 1980s. Fundamentalism revived after redressing itself with revival meetings and T.V. prayers. They put forward the movement opposing abortion, homosexuality and pornography and to support school prayer programs. Yet church goers number reaches no more than 40% of the total population. Nowadays conservative Christians advocate to establish the common religion for Americans to unite them into the one spiritual force No doubt. Christian ethics are the centers of civil virtues of Americans and the evangelical Protestantism is their main religion. Still. Americans mostly object to establish a national or public religion They agree that religion remains In the private sector depending on the personal choice.

목차

미국 기독교의 특성

1. 식민시대에서부터 18세기 중엽까지

2. 1740년대 : 대각성기

3. 19세기 전반

4. 19세기 후반에서 이차대전 발발 이전까지

5. 제2차대전 후

Abstract