텍스트와 주체: 해롤드 블룸의 문학이론과 정신분석

• 영문명: Text and the Subject: Harold Bloom’s Literary Theory and Psychoanalysis
• 발행기관: 한국비평이론학회
• 저자명: 양석원(Seokwon Yang)
• 간행물 정보: 『비평과 이론』제16권 2호, 77~108쪽, 전체 32쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 영어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2011.12.31

영문 초록

At the heart of Harold Bloom’s theory of literary influence lies the agonistic drama of text and the subject in which psychoanalysis plays a major role along with the supporting roles of deconstruction, philosophy and Gnosticism. This drama unfolds as a quest for the origin of poetic creation in the background of Romantic poetry. Bloom’s early criticism of Romantic poetry focuses on imagination as an autonomous creative power independent of nature in opposition to the previous views of Romanticism as the interaction of mind and nature. In the next phase of Bloom’s criticism the source of poetic creation morphs into an agonistic psychic conflict between the “imaginative ego” and the “selfhood ego”, and then into a face-off between creative imagination exemplified by Milton’s Satan and the Covering Cherub, a blocking agent against creative imagination. This internalized conflict develops into an Oedipal competition between the ephebe (the later poet) and the precursor (the prior poet) for priority in The Anxiety of Influence. The motive force that creates strong poems changes from imagination to the anxiety of influence of the Great Original, and poetic creation becomes the process of a strong misreading or misprison of the precursor’s poem, which Bloom elaborates as six revisionary ratios. Bloom’s theory of influence, however, is riddled with an ambiguity as to whether the competition involves poets or poems and how poetic anxiety is materialized into a poetic text. This ambiguity evolves into a contestation between textuality and subjectivity, a theoretical war provoked by the post-structuralist school of deconstruction that reduces subject into a mere function of linguistic structure. Bloom’s response to deconstruction—especially to Paul de Man’s rhetorical review of The Anxiety of Influence—engenders both his embrace of de Man’s rhetorical translation of his six ratios and his defense of the concept of the subject against the prison house of language. As a result, Bloom offers commentary on six revisionary ratios in A Map of Misreading both as rhetorical tropes and as defense mechanisms which the ego employs to protect itself from the id and the superego. Revising and tailoring Freud’s concept of the ego to fit into his theory of poetry, Bloom forges the concept of “poetic will,” a “deep subjectivity” struggling against textual surface. Bloom’s discontent with de Man’s “conceptual rhetoric” that excludes the subject from text makes him develop his own rhetoric where the trope is not produced by linguistic structure but is willed by the subject. In Bloom’s “diachronic rhetoric” the ephebe is engaged in a rhetorical battle opposing his own trope against the precursor’s trope, thereby “lying against time” and pursuing “poetic immortality”. Troping against prior tropes embodies the poet’s will to life and immortality by resisting the compulsive repetition of the literal meaning of the prior poem. The final phase of Bloom’s theory stages a war against the lethal power of language that characterizes Lacanian theory, a confrontation of figurative Eros against the Thanatos of linguistic death. Though Bloom privileges Gnostic “pneuma” over psychoanalytic “psyche” at the end of his quest for the source of poetic creativity, this quest is indelibly marked by the influence of psychoanalysis.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 창조성의 근원: 상상력에서 불안으로

Ⅲ. 시와 시인, 텍스트와 주체

Ⅳ. 언어의 타나토스와 비유의 에로스

Ⅴ. 결론

인용문헌

Abstract

키워드

블룸 프로이트 텍스트 주체 문학 정신분석 해체론 영향 불안 오이 디푸스 콤플렉스 억압 방어 욕동 비유 자아 라캉 드 만 상상력 에로스 타나토스 삶 죽음 상상계 상징계 그노시스교 Bloom Freud Text the Subject Literature Psychoanalysis Deconstruction Influence Anxiety Oedipus complex Repression Defense Drive Trope Ego Lacan de Man Imagination Eros Thanatos Life Death the Imaginary the Symbolic Gnosticism