倭寇의 침략과 鄭夢周의 日本 使行

• 영문명: The Japanese Pirates’ Incursions, and Emissary Poeun Jeong Mong-ju’s Official Travel to Japan
• 발행기관: 포은학회
• 저자명: 高惠玲(Koh, He-ryung)
• 간행물 정보: 『포은학연구』제8집, 33~61쪽, 전체 29쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 기타인문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2011.12.30

국문 초록

고려에 왜구 침략이 극심해진 것은 1350년(충정왕 2) 경인년부터이다. 왜구의 침략은 해안지방 뿐 아니라 내륙 깊숙이 침구해 들어와 민가를 약탈하고 漕運船의 안전을 위협하는 등 피해가 커서 정부의 재정을 궁핍하게 하는 요소의 하나가 되었다. 왜구의 침구는 1년에 가장 많은 경우 1377년에 29회나 되었다. 왜구가 극성하던 당시 일본의 사정을 보면, 일본은 남북조의 내란기에 해당하여 일본 정부에서도 왜구의 침구활동에 미쳐 손을 쓸 수가 없는 상황이었고, 특히 남조의 규슈를 장악하지 못하였기 때문에 왜구 금압의 뜻은 있었으나, 적극적인 진압이 어려웠다. 포은 정몽주가 사신으로 파견된 해는 바로 이렇게 왜구 침구가 가장 극렬하던 시기였다. 이 무렵 규슈 남조를 평정하기 위한 규슈 탄다이[九州探題]로 이마가와 료순[今川了俊, 源了俊]이 임명된 것은 한일 우호와 문화 교류에 큰 의미를 차지한다. 포은 정몽주 역시 당시 대표적인 성리학자의 일인으로서, 정몽주의 일본 사신 파견은 일본에서 당대 대표적인 歌人 이마가 와료순과의 만남을 의미하는 것이었다. 실제로 포은 정몽주 이후 2~3차례 사신 파견이 더 있었으나, 곧 일본으로부터의 우호적인 왜구 금압의 노력이 이루어졌고, 포로 쇄환의 문제도 적극적으로 진행되었다. 이런 현상은 정몽주가 일본에 가서 9개월 동안 체류하면서 이룬 노력이 헛되지 않았음을 보여주는 것이다. 정몽주의 일본 체류기간의 생활을 보여주는 사료는 현재 남아있는 13수의 시 뿐이다. 이를 근거로 정몽주의 생각과 행적을 미루어 볼 수 있지만, 실제로 그의 활동을 보여주는 모습은 매우 미약하다. 그러나, 포은의 13수의 시에서 그의 감회와 사명감, 국가에 대한 충성 등의 회포를 엿볼 수 있다.

영문 초록

The Japanese pirates’ incursions upon the Goryeo soil became more frequent and not to mention extremely violent after the year of 1350, which was the second year of King Chungjeong-wang’s reign. They not only violated the coastal areas, but also came deeply into the inland, raided civilian households and threatened the safety of supply ships(漕運船) transporting goods from local areas to governmental depots. Their plundering of the Goryeo people’s properties not only severely disrupted the civilian economy, but also ultimately damaged the Goryeo government’s financial status. In 1377 alone, there were total of 29 incursions that inflicted heavy damages upon the Goryeo population. Yet at the time, the Japanese Islands was going through a Civil war period between the ‘North dynasty’ and the ‘South dynasty’, so the Japanese government was not able to control or subdue the pirates’ activities on the sea. The Kyushu area in the South was also out of control, so even if the Japanese government wanted to detain the Japanese pirates somehow, it was simply not able to. Po’eun(pen name) Jeong Mong-ju was dispatched to Japan as an emissary, in a year which was witnessing more pirates’ incursions than any other year. At the time, a Japanese official named Imagawa Ryosun[今川了俊, 源了俊] was appointed as the new commander of the Kyushu Tandai[九州探題] Defense Post, under orders to destroy the Southern dynasty on Kyushu. Yet his appointment unexpectedly produced an entirely different kind of experience for both Korea and Japan. Po’eun Jeong Mong-ju, being one of the most renowned Neo-Confucian scholars in Goryeo at the time, upon his arrival at Japan finally came to meet this Imagawa Ryosun, who was other than being a military figure also one of the most noteworthy singers(歌人) in Japan at the time. Imagawa’s presence and his encounter with Jeong turned out to be a meaningful occasion, in the light of establishing an amicable cultural relationship between Korea and Japan. Although two or three other envoys continued to visit Japan after Po’eun Jeong Mong-ju completed his mission and returned to Goryeo, the efforts of the Japanese government to stop the pirates began actually immediately after Jeong’s departure, and the Goryeo people who were captured by the pirates were also sent back to Korea not before long. This means that the efforts of Jeong Mong-ju, which he continued during his nine-month stay in Japan, significantly contributed to the resolution of the Japanese pirate problem for Goryeo. The only text that lets us know what his life was like during his stay in Japan, are 13 poems which he wrote at the time and now remain with us today. We can reconstruct Jeong Mong-ju’s thoughts and actions of the time based upon the contents of those poems, but the end result would only be part of what Jeong Mong-ju really thought and did at the time. We can only understand how he sometimes felt, how determined he was to succeed in his mission, and how much he was loyal to his country and his government.

목차

【국문초록】

1. 들어가는 말

2. 倭寇와 그에 대한 대응

3. 鄭夢周의 일본 使行과 일본 이해

4. 나오는 말

〈참고문헌〉

Abstract

키워드

이마가와 료순 다자이후 하카다 Japanese pirates Po’eun[Jeong Mong-ju’s Pen name] Jeong Mon-ju Imagawa Ryosun Dai’jai’hu Hakada Gwan’eum-sa temple an emissary dispatched to request the prohibition of the pirates Kyushu Defense Post 倭寇 圃隱 鄭夢周 今川了俊=源了俊 大宰府 博多=覇家臺 觀音寺 禁倭使節 九州探題