在滿韓人의 社會的 實態 (1910~1930)

• 영문명: Social Status of Koreans in Manchuria(1910-1930) (Chinese Policy on Koreans)
• 발행기관: 백산학회
• 저자명: 吳世昌(Oh Se-chang)
• 간행물 정보: 『백산학보』第9號, 99~164쪽, 전체 66쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1970.12.01

영문 초록

It may be proper and correct to view and study the closeness of Manchuria and Korea in their historical relationship rather in their geographical adjacency. Manchuria, where once Koreans had established Puyo(扶餘), Kokuryo(高句麗) and Pal-hae(渤海) dynasties to ultimately rule over North East Asia, not only opened an exit for the oppressed Koreans to seek for a new way of life therein after the Japanese occupation of Korea but also rendered a base whereby to start their movement for national independence. Immigration of Koreans into Manchuria was accompanied by various ordeals and difficulties. It was because of the peculiar political situation of Manchuria that had been placed under the sovereignty of China proper and yet stood independent of the mainland. No remarkable political problems had been noted until 1910. Subsequent to Kanto Agreement(間島協約) in 1909 and Man Manchuria-Mongolia Treaty(滿蒙條約) in 1915, Chinese attitude toward Koreans in Manchuria changed from acquiescent indifference to oppression and, further, to expulsion. It can not be negated that the traditional Chinese contempt of other races had been noted ever since the initial stage of migration of the Koreans. However, the sudden increase of Koreans in Manchuria apparently provoked the racial antagonisim to make them change their attitude. Since Chinese regarded Kanto Agreement as Japanese territorial invasion of Manchuria and Manchuria-Mongolia Treaty as an outright invasion, whereby Japanese obtained lease on lands and the right to freedom of contracts, they treated Koreans with the same hostility to the Japancse since 1910, which marked the year of change in Korean status into the “Subjects of the Japanese Emperor” and later called the Koreans in Manchuria the vanguard of Japanese invasion. This attitude of the Chinese was also closely linked with the “Movement for Recovery of Lost Sovereignty in China proper. The Miya Agreement(三矢協定) in 1925 had ironically rendered the Chinese in Manchuria an opportunity to decisively expell Koreans from Manchuria. Based on this agreement, innumerable laws and decrees aimed at expelling Koreans were issued and immediately put into effect in every province to total in number sixty six between 1925 and 1927. This was the period of hardship for Koreans in Manchuria. The cases of the oppression of the Koreans in 1925 totalled thirty, but they reached the peak in 1927 to total 197 cases, 6ㆍ5 times ever 1925, and the oppression itself varied widely in its forms ranging from forced nationalization, restriction in residence, severe terms, unequal opportunities of education, unaccountable taxation and penalties. This opporession of Koreans in 1927 may be attributed to political, economical, and social chaos in Manchura then the emergence of military clans which automatically required necessary military funds, the unprecedented drop in value of currency including Bong-pyo(奉票: legal tender), etc. had directly or indirectly affected Koreans’ life in Manchuria. To aggravate the matter, rampant plundering by Chinese officials taking advantage of the chaotic situation added to the “Korean expulsion policy” to make the Koreans’ life in Manchuria more unbearable. In conclusion, the Koreans in Manchuria were pressed from both sides, that is, by the constant political oppression and surveillance by the Japanese on one side and the greater economical oppression by the Manchurians on the other.

목차

Ⅰ. 序言

Ⅱ. 滿洲의 來歷과 國際的 位置

Ⅲ. 滿洲의 統治와 植民沿革

Ⅳ. 韓人의 移住와 政府施策

Ⅴ. 韓人 移住民數와 生活狀態

Ⅵ. 韓人移住에 대한 中國側 態度

Ⅶ. 中國의 韓人驅逐政策

Ⅷ. 結言

參考文獻