王朝實錄에 나타난 李朝前期의 野人

• 영문명: The Jurechens(野人) in the Earlier Perido of Yi Dynasty as Appeared in Annals of Yi Dynasty
• 발행기관: 백산학회
• 저자명: 劉鳳榮(Yu Bong-yeong)
• 간행물 정보: 『백산학보』第14號, 87~167쪽, 전체 81쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1973.06.01

영문 초록

The policy of Korea towards the Jurchens(野人) in the earlier period of Yi dynasty(l392-1627) was to use two policies together: concilation and subjugation. The conciliatory policy had two kinds. One was to encourage the Jurchens to come to Korea, and the other was to give them government jobs. The number of Jurchens entered Korea seem to be over one hundred per year, and several times the number of Jurchens entering Korea was limited because there were too many applicants. As to the offering of jobs to them, there were 435 persons who received appointments, including Grade 1 which was the highest rank given to them. Besides this, there were 59 royal honor guards, and 181 additional appointments were made for them as rewards for their services in the northern expedition of 1460. Especially, royal honor guards were kindly treated. They were given houses, daily necessities, slaves, and even women to be their wives. Furthermore, many almsgivings were made to the jurchens in and out of the boundary in the form of primarily provisions and cotton cloth, and there ’were cases of giving them medicines also. Despite of these conciliatory policies, there were as rna my as 147 inva-sions by the Jurchens during the period from 1400 to 1606. They not only plundered commodities but also either killed or captured and took many people. They did not recognize the difference between men and women the old and the young in their killing and capturing, and this was the. greatest suffering for the Koreans. Against’ these severe invas-ions, Korea sent only 13 expeditions. The period of each expedition was only one day or three to four days and, therefore, the expeditions never. became’ effective . military operations. Although there were cases of killing and plundering of people and livestock such as, oxen and hourses, most cases ended with burning of houses and grain of the jurchens Korean government punished with death penalty the jurchen criminals living in the country, but no particular result came from it. This poblem of Jurchens was no more than a frontier problem until the rise of Nurhachi(奴兒哈赤). But after Nurhachi proposed sending of reinforcement. during the Hideyoshi invasion of 1592, the situation became seriou-s. because the Ming(明) dynasty, recognizing the rising power of Nurhachi, decided to subjugate the Jurchens in Manchuria and requested Korea to dispatch troops. Korean King Kwang,hae(光海君) although, opposed to, above request at heart, dispatched under Ming’s pressure over’ 13, 000 troops, which were annihilated along with Ming -troops by the Jurchens(this time the Manchus). In 1627 the Manchus invaded Korea in great force, and when they reached Pyeong-san(平山) of Hwang-hae province(黃海道) Korea was forced to conclude a pact with them and the Manchu troops were withdrawn. The failure of Kore’s policy towards the Jurchens may by explaned by the following reasons. Firstly, the Jurchens changed their actions any time; and, therefore, it was difficult for Korea to grasp their true intention; secondly, Korea’s military power was too weak to defeat them; and thirdly, Korea. could not execute free and independnt policy towards the Jurchens because the Ming severely interfered with the Korea-Jurchens negotiations. In the end, Manchu rule over the mainland of China, following Korea’s surrender and the fall of Ming, was, it may be said, due to Ming’s short-sightedness.

목차

1. 緖言

2. 野人의 入朝

3. 野人에 對한 授職

4. 野人의 侵寇

5. 野人의 征討

6. 雜多한 對野人政策

7. 相互間의 刷還問題

8. 野人의 習俗과 三衛의 事情

9. 明의 干涉

10. 老乙可赤(淸太祖)의 出現

11. 深河役과 丁卯亂

12. 結論