『거장과 마르가리따』에 나타난 카니발적 탈관과 역설적 전복성의 미학

• 영문명: The poetics of Carnivalistic debunking and Paradoxical subversion in Bulgakov's The Master and Margarita
• 발행기관: 한국외국어대학교 동유럽발칸연구소
• 저자명: 이은경(Yi, Eun-Kyung)
• 간행물 정보: 『동유럽발칸연구』동유럽연구 제15권, 125~147쪽, 전체 23쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 정치외교학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2005.10.30

국문 초록

본 논문은 러시아 민속축제 마슬레니짜와 세믹，이반 꾸빨라와 루살까 주간을 중심으로 『거장과 마르가리따』에 나타난 카니발적 전복을 다루고 있다. 소설은 집단적 기억을 통해 민중적 유토피아의 이데올로기가 살아 숨쉬는 러시아민중의 카니발을 부활시키면서 현실과의 대화적 가능성을 시도한다. 고상하고 엄숙한 과거의 제의들이 문학적 현실 속에서 우스꽝스럽게 묘사되는 과정을 통해 전통문화의 왜곡과 그것이 자연스럽게 받아들여지는 현실이 부각되는 것이다. 축제라는 즐거움의 장에서 저항과 이데올로기， 자발성과 유희성이 뒤엉켜 소용돌이치는 가운데， 낯설게 변질된 절기 축제의 양상들은 과연 무엇이 러시아적인， 또는 러시아가 추구해야 하는 삶인가를 논의하게 만든다. 과거 카니발이 공식문화를 전복시켰던 것처럼 소설의 그로테스크한 환상들은 시·공간을 뛰어넘어 광기와 비합리가 지배하는 소비에트 현 실을 전복시키고 기존의 실존에서 ‘탈출하여 현실에 새로운 인식을 견지할 수 있도록 만든다. 인물간의 대립， 뒤집어진 축제와 축제의 원형， 현실과 환상은 모두 생성하는 양극의 모순된 통일을 위해 존재하는 것이며， 이러한 통일 가운데서 카니발의 긍정적 원리가 구현되어지는 것이다. 소설에 나타나고 있는 카니발은，바흐씬의 이론 그대로， 모든 계층 질서적 관계， 특권， 규범， 금지의 일시적 파기를 통한 진정한 시간성의 축제이며 생성과 변화， 갱생의 축제이자 아직 완성되지 않은 미래를 응시하는 것이다.

영문 초록

This article is intended to investigate the so-called Bakhtin’s literary theoretical concept ‘carnival’in The Master and Margarita. All events of Th Master and Margarj[a are set in May of the Easter season. This biblical event in spring intendedly coincide with Russian folk festivals which are held from spring to summer. Bulgakov precisely subverted the expectations which he has apparently set up in establishing the chronological echo among the Russian festivals like Maslendsa, Ivan Kupala, Rusal'nma nedejja, Semik. Bulgakov shows us Carnivalistic world through Russian festivals in order to describe unofficial world on the opposit side of Soviet life. This article is intended to investigate the so-called Bakhtin‘s literary theoretical concept ’carnival‘in The Master and Margarita.The Master and Margarita is provided, focusing on the distorted festivals, inter mixing various Russian festival conducts which are related with the ‘sun’and satirizing the official language of the contemporary regime and with a carnivalesque laughter of the people at the grotesque and nightmarish reality. In particular, every festivals in this novel was distorted, so they were not familiar to Russian people. The carnivalistic world is ‘a world reversed’since it is formal but the meaning of festival comes deliverance from taboo. Hence, the carnivalistic structure may be said to emphasize principles of degradation, materialistic bodism, revival and ambivalence based on convertibility, duality and relativity. It is revealed, conclusively, that The Master and Margarda is health-minded with a spirit to overcome negative realities with fresh, positive perspective, together with a fact that his novel pays due to literary and social contexts with a synthetic vision. In the space like a carnival where is permitted pleasant relativity, the human being is a possibility of meeting in the existence which has a desire. The meaning of the space like a carnival pursuing from The Master and Margarita is in order to show us the features of the human being exist in the value system which has become relative by overturn of the value and to reflect the regime which maintains the dichotomy frame. Also it shows that being captured the space like a carnival as the time which is delayed the freedom of the value could be acquired inside the limitation which is the time when it is delayed the hour and when it is delayed in delayed Master and Margarita. Especially ’the carnival’is a consequential concept comprehending Bakhtin in connection with a postmodern thought. Bakhtin understands carnival as the largest and most indestructible context for literature and life. Of course, his specific interest is the carnivalization of literature. Focusing on Bakhtin's concept of carnival this study examines the relationship between carnival and literature through his theory of novel. Finally The Master and Margarita examines ’carnivalization of literature' through the structure of novelistic discourse. In particular the investigation of ‘double-voiced discourse' reveals that the structure of novelistic discourse is very similar to the structure of carnival. It also shows that dialogic and polyphonic features of novelistic discourse implies the possibility of criticism of monologic way of thought.

목차

1. 들어가는 말

2. 뒤집힌 마슬레니짜와 카니발적 탈관

3. 이반 꾸빨라와 거울 속의 자아

4. 루살까 주간(세믹 주간)과 역설적 전복

5. 맺음말

키워드

카니발적 탈관 바흐찐 전복성 거장과 마르가리따 축제 Carnival Bakhitin Carnival The Master and Margarita Subversion Russian folk festivals