요르단의 정치 엘리트와 부족주의

• 영문명: Political Elites and Tribalism in Jordan
• 발행기관: 한국중동학회
• 저자명: 홍미정(Hong Mi-Jung)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국중동학회논총』제27권 제1호, 157~203쪽, 전체 47쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2006.08.01

영문 초록

  Tribalism and tradition have lent legitimacy to Hashimite rule. The legitimacy of tradition, considered almost synonymous with beduin or tribal culture, has been defended as part of the near sacrosanct foundations of the state and as central to cultural heritage. Thus, the role of tribes and tribalism, although transformed, remains a fundamental pillar of both society and political culture even if numerically few Jordanians live the traditional life of the nomadic beduin.
  In 1998 King Hussein said that “the tribes of Jordan have always been at the centre of our confidence, a source of our pride and a target of our attention since the very beginning. The tribes of Jordan are our kinsmen who have served the Kingdom under the most adverse conditions and circumstances, always performing their duty to the nation. The tribes had supported the Great Arab Revolt since the start and helped the late King Abdullah found the Kingdom, offering great sacrifices to attain this objective.”
  But in fact the policies of the government have developed against his rhetoric and finally have demolished the base of tribes through the settlement policy of tribes. Settlement of the tribes began in the post-World War I period and expanded rapidly after the mid-1950s. This appeared to be a natural response to changing political and economic circumstances, particularly the formation and consolidation of the state. The administrative policies of the state disrupted the nomads" traditional pastoral economy. For example, national borders separated the nomads from grazing lands and permanent wells. Government policies encouraged settlement by providing schooling, medical services, and the development of water resources. The decrease in the number of nomads continued. By the early 1970s, the beduin tribes constituted no more than 5 percent of Jordan"s population. That proportion had dwindled to less than 3 percent by the late 1970s and at present has continued to decrease increasingly. In the result tribal social structure is very weakened.
  Nevertheless, the tribes lived only in King Hussein"s rhetoric lively. At present his son, AbdullahⅡ also is using the tribes, Jordanians from East Bank for strengthening his political power against Palestinian-Jordanians who are against his policies. In this process the tribalism which strengthens the solidarity of Jordanians from East Bank has been more and more active. Especially in the elections since 1990s the prominent role of tribalism is to have reconstructed the identity in a modern Jordanian State and to have replaced other political Ideologies, Political Islam, Socialism, Arab Nationalism which most of Palestinian-Jordanians have been supporting.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 요르단 왕가와 부족주의
Ⅲ. 의회 선거와 정치 이념을 대체한 부족주의
Ⅳ. 결론
참고문헌
인터넷 자료

키워드

요르단의 부족 요르단의 부족주의 요르단의왕 요르단인 팔레스타인 요르단인 요르단 선거 Tribes in Jordan Tribalism in Jordan Kings of Jordan Jordanians Palestinians The elections in Jordan