시각의 지울 수 없는 얼룩: 라캉의 응시의 위상학

• 영문명: An Irrevocable Stain In the Eye: Topology of Lacanian Gaze
• 발행기관: 한국비평이론학회
• 저자명: 윤일환(IIhwan Yoon)
• 간행물 정보: 『비평과 이론』제9권 제1호, 117~156쪽, 전체 40쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 영어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2004.06.01

영문 초록

Recent philosophical thoughts have forcefully argued against the tradition characterized by the dominion of the eye that assimilates the alterity of the others to the one's own, cancels their alterity, and totalizes their differences within himself. In the speculative discourse modeled on the eye, the alienation of self in its other and the reflection of the object are linked together in such a way as to form a totality in which they are reflected into one another, leaving absolutely no remainder outside. By contrast to this totalizing tendency of the eye, Lacan proposes the gaze that becomes constitutive of vision. I introduce Lacan's concept of the gaze by way of the theory developed by Sartre in Being and Nothingness. Sartre's basic idea supposes a kind of duel between one consciousness and another. Only one of them will emerge as a true subject; the other will be objectified under the force of the look. The subject objectified by the other results in shame in the looked subject. For Sartre's conception of the look, however, remains essentially dyadic and inter-subjective. By referring the act of seeing to some third point off the axis of seer and seen, Lacan demonstrates that there is the third position that occupies both positions simultaneously. What Lacan means by the gaze thus has less in common with the quasi-Hegelian duel of objectifying looks described by Sartre than it does with Merleau-Ponty's effort to radicalize metaphysics through a meditation on the visible and the invisible. But Lacan criticizes MerJeau-Ponty not only for implicitly presupposing a Platonic perspective with an absolute being that is all-seeing but also for ignoring the subject sustaining himself in a function of desire.By recourse to topology of the gaze in relation to the desire, I show that the internal complexity of the gaze that is invisible yet functionmg continually to re-energize the subject's investment in the object of sight For Lacan the gaze is the very condition of consciousness. The gaze is the horizon within which the realm of the visible is established. With respect to the structuring of the scopic domain, the distinction between the eye and the gaze is a way of specifying the dependence of consciousness upon the structure of the desire: behind the coming to presence of all the object of my world there lurks a constitutive absence that is animated by the desire of the other. It is in the unlimited medium established by the gaze that the desire of the Other addresses itself to us. The gaze is the moment of the Other that escapes from the mere imaginary aspect. It is the dimension in which the imaginary relation opens out upon a symbolic horizon animated by the desire. After analyzing the topology of the gaze as to desire, I argue that the final aim of the gaze is to force the desiring subject to suspend the urge to interpret, to search for a 'deeper meaning' in the Other; the subject has to accept that the traumatic encounters with the un knowable desire of the Other were utterly contingent and indifferent, that the Other bears no 'deeper message' for him. The gaze also enables the subject to recognize that when the body is taken as a signifying element, it is also taken by the sinthome which designates a signifying formulation beyond interpretation, a kernel of jouissance immune to the efficacy of the symbolic.

목차

1.시각중심의 사유

2.사르트르와 메를로-뽕띠의 응시

3.욕망과 응시

참고문헌

Abstract