상담의 윤리와 효율성 향상을 위한 다문화적 접근

• 영문명: A Multicultural Approach for Effectiveness and Ethics on Counseling
• 발행기관: 한국다문화교육학회
• 저자명: 김태호
• 간행물 정보: 『다문화교육연구』제2권 제1호, 54~76쪽, 전체 23쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2009.06.30

국문 초록

본 논문에서는 다문화적 상담의 필요 이유를 세 가지와 그 구체적인 내용과 방법을 소개하는데 주요 목적이 있다. 다문화적 상담의 필요 이유로는 1) 한국사회의 다문화가정과 그 자녀들의 이중문화적 갈등해결을 돕는 것，2) 주요 상담이론과 기법들이 한국문화에 적합하지 못하다는 관점에서 한국인의 성격특성에 적합한 상담문화를 탐색하고 발전시키는 것, 3) 모든 상담을 다문화적 상담으로 보며 상담자에게 필요한 다문화적 관점과 상담능력을 갖추기 위한 것이다. 그 상담의 필요성에 따라 각각의 구체적인 내용과 방법을 소개하고 상담의 토착화 방안에 대해서 논의하였다. 그 결과，상담의 다문화적 관점에서 고려해본 상담의 토속화란 한국적 상담이론을 의미하기보다는 서구식의 상담이 문화차이로 부적합한 내담자들을 위해 적합한 상담모형을 찾는 것으로 볼 수 있으며, 서로의 문화차이를 고려하며 한국인 내담자들에게 가장 적합한 상담을 모색하는 것이 상담의 윤리와 효율성을 높이는 다문화적 접근이 될 수 있다.

영문 초록

Students do not usually seek help at counseling centers because they don't expect school counselors to be much positive psychological helpers. The students' negative attitudes toward their school counselors are based on their view of counseling as inappropriate for their own value and life styles. Korean counseling approaches have been developed succeedingly in order to overcome inappropriate cultural bounded counseling services. However, a genuine issue associated with this problem seems to be counselors' helping skills based on forming and maintaining therapeutic relationships with their clients. Helping relationships become to be demolished and counseling service is not regarded as much help when cultural differences between counselors and clients are not controlled. One way school counselors can activate school counseling services is to improve multicultural counseling skills so they may establish cooperative counseling relationships with students and help them get over their problems. In order to identify a way to settle down culturally appropriate counseling approaches for our society in the multicultural viewpoint, we must identify the meaning of cultural differences as resources of ineffective counseling, as well as ways to apply the multi-cultural point of view about cultural differences to our society. Secondly, we need to search for effective counseling approaches such as counselors' sensitivity, knowledge, and skills to get over barriers of cultural differences in terms of emic, etic, cultural grid, expectancy and behavior, worldview, and cultural identity. Thirdly, we need to identify a way to improve counselors' abilities from the Triad Model of multicultural counseling training and education. Finally, it is suggested for an approach to activate school counseling services, developed from the viewpoint of multuculturalism. Individualism in the Western society stresses each person's ability to achieve his or her own life-goal. Each person learns the importance of individual ego-identity achievement through socialization and education. The concept of autonomy in the field of counseling in western society means clients' responsibilities for changes based on the assumption that problems come from the clients' internal mind process so that the I-Thou relationship meaningful counseling relationship is emphasized. Healthy personality is achieved by autonomous, independency, and self-directed goals. Cultural differences between Eastern and Western societies become apparent from the point of view of each person's cultural identity related with individualism and collectivism. Individualism is regarded as negative and rejective, and collectivism and group identity are encouraged in the Eastern society. We need to accept and deal, therefore, with individualism as a value-system of a cultural group in counseling so that we are able to modify the concept to our cultural values and life-styles of our clients.

목차

Ⅰ. 다문화적 접근의 의미와 필요성

Ⅱ. 다문화적 상담능력

Ⅲ. 논의

참고문헌

키워드

다문화적 상담 문화이입 문화적 보편성 개별성 문화격자 Multicultural counseling Multuculturalism Cultural identity