미군정기의 제주도 보건 의료 행정 실태

• 영문명: The Situations of Health & Medicare Administration in Jeju-Do under the Rule of USAMGIK
• 발행기관: 제주학회
• 저자명: 박인순(In Soon Park)
• 간행물 정보: 『제주도연구』제주도연구 제19권, 271~308쪽, 전체 38쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2001.06.30

국문 초록

이 글은 1945년~1948년 사이의 제주도의 보건의료실태를 살펴 본 것이다. 이를 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 미군정기의 제주도 보건의료행정기관: 미군정이 실시되면서 중앙의 주한미군정청에는 종래의 경무국 위생과를 국으로 승격시켜 군정장관밑에 위생국을 설치하고, 그 후 보건후생국으로, 다시 보건후생부로 개편함과 동시에, 제주도 군정청에서는 도지사밑에 보건후생부를 신설하고 그 후에 보건후생국으로 개편하여, 보건의료행정기구를 정비하였다. 2. 미군정기의 제주도 보건의료기관 및 의료인: 제주도 1읍 12면의 27만여명의 주민을 위한 보건의료기관은 공·사립 병의원을 합하여 약 20개정도의 수준을 넘어서지 못하고 이것도 주로 제주읍에 편재하여 질병치료를 위한 시설이 거의 없는 상태여서 벽촌의 농어민이나 일반빈민은 한지의생(限地醫生)이나 한방의의 원시적 치료에 의존하는 수 밖에 없었다. 그리고 의사 1인당 주민이 10,000명을 초과할 정도로 의사의 수도 극히 적었다. 제주도 유일의 공공의료기관이며 규모가 큰 제주도립의원도 1948년초 현재 정규의사는 1명뿐이고, 병상이 36개이며, 1일 외래환자는 9명이고, 병원구조는 명목상 진찰실, 수술실 및 X-ray실로 되어 있으나 의료장비가 거의 없는 낙후된 시설이었다. 3. 미군정기의 제주도만의 질병실태: 제주도에는 당시 결핵, 감기, 마진, 뇌막염, 기관지염, 폐렴, 천식, 위장병, 신장염, 장질부사, 호열자 등의 질병이 만연하고, 특히 1946년에는 호열자가 창궐하여 근 400명이 사망하였다. 1947년의 경우 보건의료계의 관심을 끌었던 전염병은 호열자, 광견병, 나병, 장질부사 등의 만연이었다. 4. 미군정기의 제주도 방역활동: 제주도군정청은 질병예방을 위한 방역활동으로서, 예방주사 및 예방약 투약, 출입선박검역 및 위생검사, 방역교육 및 홍보활동을 전개하였다.

영문 초록

This Article is to review the realities of Health & Medicare Administration in Jeju-Do during the period of USAMGIK s Rule from 1945 to 1948. 1. Health & Medicare Administrative Agencies in Jeju-Do: For the purpose of performing health & Medicare affairs, the USAMGIK had established the Department of Health & Welfare, later renamed the Bureau of Health & Welfare, within each Provincial Military Government including Jeju-Do Military Government, keeping pace with the establishment of the Bureau of Public Health, renamed later the Department of Public Health & Welfare in central government, that is, the USAMGIK. Accompaning with the establishment of independent administrative agencies, responsible for the health & medicare, the Position Classification System was also institutionalized and been made profesionalization of health & medicare personnel. According to newly adopted the system of the Position Classification aimed at replacing the Rank System, a various medical profesional officials of the Jeju-Do Military Government as well as the central USAMGIK were introduced, even though it was not fully effected in reality. 2, Health & Medicare Institutions and Medical Personnels: There were only not more than 20 hospitals, including publicly and privately established hospitals, serving the about 270 thousands inhabitants of the island of Jeju, and even those hospitals were maldistributed at Jeju towns, accordingly the islanders in mountain villages as well as poor persons were almostly leaving out of medical services. And also as much as the numbers of peoples per one medical doctor were over 10 thousands, medical personnels were extremely scarce. The Jeju-Do Provincial Hospital as the only public medical institution available for the Jeju-islanders was also in very poor conditions in the all aspects of installations, manpowers, medical equipments, medical instruments, etc.. Although it has clinic, opertion room and X-ray room, those installations were old enough and in very primative conditions. There were only nine in patients and dayly 2 to 3 out-patients. As medical personnels, there were only one regular doctor and seven nurses as of 1948. 3. The Diseases of the Jeju-islander: Generic epidemics in Jeju-Do. various types of epidemics were prevailing throughout the Jeju-island in those days. The generic epidemics were; tuberculosis, cold or influenza, measles, meningitis, bronchitis, typoid fever, chorela, et. Especially in 1946, nearly 400 persons lost their lives with chorela. The suffering numbers from the cholera epidemic in Jeju-Do as of 27 August 1946 were 708 persons and deaths were 369 persons. 4, Preventional Activities of Epidemics in Jeju-Do: To prevent epidemics, public health officials under took the various programs such as; the distribution of vaccine or preventive drugs, port quarantive and sanitation inspection, prevention training or publicity.