“カイザー訴追問題”と日本国内の諸動向

• 영문명: Japan and the Prosecution of Kaiser Wilhelm: The Popular Argument over War Responsibility of Germany and Trial of Its Monarch
• 발행기관: 일본사학회
• 저자명: 横 島公司(Yokoshima, Kouji)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본역사연구』일본역사연구 제53집, 141~172쪽, 전체 32쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2020.12.30

영문 초록

The Versailles Treaty was a watershed in the history of international laws. It on the one hand changed a meaning of war from “indiscriminate killing” to “illegal way of diplomacy”. On the other hand, it also provided a clause for prosecuting a monarch defeated in the war: its Clause 227 that stipulated prosecution of German Emperor (Kaiser) Wilhelm II for his war responsibility for the First World War (hereinafter referred as Kaiser prosecution). This clause was sensational because it established a new rule in the international law to prosecute the head of state for the defeat, which later led to a notion of crimes against peace. Apart from the international context, “Kaiser prosecution” was a domestic issue of Japan, particularly related to the national constitution (国体). The Japan’s national authority concerned seriously that this issue would affect the nation negatively. This paper examines how Japanese intellectuals received, and argued, “Kaiser prosecution”, and how police forces responded to such popular argument over the monarch, thorough such primary documents as newspapers and magazines in the interwar period. As a result of this research, it shows that Japanese intellectuals supported the Clause 227 unexpectedly, even some criticizing Wilhelm II. Such an intellectual trend shows it was the first time for the nation to consider a concept of “war responsibility”. With these findings, this paper also argues that the police authorities did not regard as criminal Japanese intellectual’s disrespectful discourse against Kaiser Wilhelm II, as it hardly resorted to criminal investigation. On the appointment of a Japanese judge for Wilhelm’s case, importantly, Japanese intellectuals recommended a person both with enough knowledges of international laws and with a strong belief in Japan’s constitution. For them, Kaiser’s case would never lead to a denial of the monarch of Japan. Therefore, both Japanese authorities and intellectuals had unlearned an issue of war responsibility of monarch’s until the time Japan lost in 1945.

목차

Ⅰ. はじめにー問題の所在

Ⅱ．休戦以後の日本の対応

Ⅲ. 戦争責任委員会での議論

Ⅳ．カイザー訴追問題をめぐる新聞報道

Ⅴ．工藤鐡男の戦争責任論

Ⅵ．裁判官選任問題

Ⅶ. おわりに

키워드

カイザー 訴追問題(카이저 소추문제) 国 体 (국체) 戦 争 責任(전쟁책임) パリ講和会 議(파리 강화조약) ヴェルサイユ条 約(베르사유 조약) The prosecution of Kaiser Wilhelm Kokutai War responsibility Paris Peace Conference Treaty of Versailles