도시가계의 사회계층별 소비양식과 영향요인

• 영문명: The Consumption Styles of Korean Urban Households according to Social Class
• 발행기관: 한국소비문화학회
• 저자명: 김민정(Kim, Min Jung) 최현자(Choe, Hyun Cha)
• 간행물 정보: 『소비문화연구』제12권 제4호, 119~144쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 사회과학일반
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2009.12.30

국문 초록

본연구에서는사회계층별로필요와욕구수준이다르다는가정하에소비양식에서차이를표출하는지검증하기 위해가계의소비양식을분석하였다. 2002년도시가계조사원자료에수록된총7,021 가구의표본데이터를 이용하여도시가계를핵심적중산층, 주변적중산층, 비중산층의3개집단으로구분하고18개지출비목에대한 소비지출규모와소비지출구성비, 그리고소비지출에미치는영향요인을각각분석했다. SPSS 12.0 프로그램 을통해분산분석, 다중회귀분석및Chow-test를실시하여다음과같은결론을얻었다. 첫째, 비목별소비지출비중을통해살펴본소비양식은사회계층간에확실한차이를보였다. 소비지출비중분석 을통해비중산층이핵심적중산층이나주변적중산층보다주거비, 광열수도비등에많은지출비중을할당하고 있어주거관련지출부담이크다는점을발견할수있었다. 반면, 생활조건이양호한것으로여겨지는핵심적 중산층과주변적중산층의경우전반적으로선택재항목에예산을많이할당하는것으로나타나가계의열망수 준및복지와많은연관을지니고있는선택재지출에서계층간차이가크다는점을확인할수있었다. 둘째, 주변적중산층을기준으로했을때가계의복지수준이가장높을것으로예상되는핵심적중산층가계에서 보다주변적중산층가계에서가구집기.가사용품비와기타소비지출비의지출비중이상대적으로더높은것으로 나타났다. 본연구에서는직업지위를비롯한사회적지위변수를이용하여소득계층연구에서와다른결과를도 출하였다. 셋째, 핵심적중산층에서는개인교통비와더불어교육비및보충교육비비중이다른계층에서보다월등히높아 다른두집단과차별되는양상을보였다. 특히교육비와학원비및과외비등이포함된보충교육비의지출비중 차이는교육수혜기회의차이를야기할수있다. 넷째, 맞벌이가구에서는기타소비지출, 외식비등에서비맞벌이가구보다많은지출을하지않는것으로나타 났다. 그러나핵심적중산층맞벌이가구의경우비맞벌이가구보다보충교육비를더많이지출하는것으로나타 났다. 다섯째, 핵심적중산층과다른두집단간여성가구주가게의소비양식에는유의한차이가있었다. 주변적중산층, 비중산층의여성가구주가계는가계의지출형태가필수적소비에머물러있었으나남성가구주가계보다교육비 에할당하는지출비중이높았다. 반대로핵심적중산층의여성가구주가계는다른두집단과달리개인교통비또 는외식비등선택적소비에지출하는형태가남성가구주가계보다많았다.

영문 초록

This study aims to analyze Korean urban households’ consumption styles by social class. Since the household consumption style reflects their needs and wants, it allows understanding of their welfare level. The data used for this study was taken from 2002 Korean Urban Household Expenditure survey carried out by Korea National Statistical Office. The statistical methods used for the analyses are: X2, ANOVA, multiple regression, and chow test. (1) The results showed that there were variations in consumption styles among different social classes of households. Compared to the Core middle class(CMC) and the Marginal middle class(MMC), the Nonmiddle class(NMC) had shared larger amounts on the necessary goods, including the biggest housing cost burden. MMC and CMC had consume more on the discretionary goods than NMC. It was found that the expenditures on discretionary goods are considerably related to the household welfare level. (2) There was peculiar result that MMC had more propensity to consume on the discretionary goods than CMC, although CMC expected to be in the best welfare level among three groups. The research findings gave implication that households of high social position need to conscious of the others' eyes, so that they might spend less on the discretionary goods. MMC particularly outlaid more for such expenditure categories which to express their expensive consumption to the general public. It can be explained by the relative income hypothesis. MMC household would expend more than CMC household with same level of income, due to MMC has more propensity to consume than the other financial reference group. (3) In the expenditures on both education and supplemental education, CMC shared the highest consumption expenditure proportion among three groups. The amount of the educational expenses could make large differences of the possibility to get the high position. (4) Dual-income households were found to have lower propensity to consume on congratulation condolences, food away home and housekeeping service. Therefore CMC dual-income households especially paid more on the supplement education expenditure for their children. (5) Regression analyses showed significant differences between CMC and the other groups' female headed households. MMC and NMC female headed households put higher expenditure shares for necessary goods, therefore CMC female headed households' expenditures on discretionary goods are even higher than the other male headed households.

목차

요약

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 이론적배경및선행연구고찰

III. 연구모형과 연구방법

Ⅳ. 분석결과 및 논의

Ⅴ. 결론 및 제언

참고문헌

Abstract

키워드

사회계층 가계소비양식 소비지출구성비 소득탄력성 소비지출 영향요인 Social class Household consumption style Urban households Income elasticities