運動技能 學習과 트레이닝 原理의 特殊性에 관한 硏究

• 영문명: A Study of the Learning of Motor Skill and the Specificness of Training Principle
• 발행기관: 국민대학교 교육연구소
• 저자명: 李明馥(Lee Myong Bok)
• 간행물 정보: 『교육논총』제1집, 251~261쪽, 전체 11쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 교육학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1982.02.01

영문 초록

  The specificness of training principle, borrowed from the literature dealing with cardiovascular and strength training, seemed a likely candidate for application in motor skills contexts because of the rather strong support for it in the exercise areas.   However, the present data offered no support for it if the view were correct for skills, the day 2 data should have shown that those treatment groups that had the same conditions on day 1 and day 2, regardless of the day 2 conditions, would perform out perform those groups that had a shift in conditions from day 1 to day 2.   Such a trend was found for condition NF on day 2, in which practicing on day 1 under condition F produced less learning of the criterion NF task than did practicing under condition NF.   This finding supported other (e.g, 2) in the literature dealing with physical fatigue and learning, showing that it is more efficient to learn a task to be performed under NF conditions by practicing under NF rather than F conditions.   However, this trend was not present for the situation in which the criterion task was to be performed under condition F.   In this situation, it seemed to make little difference under which conditions the task was learned on day 1, with the subjects who practiced under condition NF on day 1 having a slight day 2 advantage over those subjects with F practice on day 1, which was contrary to the predictions of the specificity of training principle.   The more attractive possibility in the light of the present data is the "optimal conditions" view which states that, regardless of the conditions under which the criterion task is to be performed, it is more efficient to practice the task under those conditions that produce the optimal performance in practice.   The predictions from this hypothesis are that practicing under NF conditions on day 1 should lead to better performance than practicing under day 1 conidtion F, regardless of the day 2 conditions.   This pattern of day 2 findings was found in the present data, but with a much larger effect when the criterion task was performed under condition NF than when under condition F.   Statistically, the prediction of this optimal conditions hypothesis is a significant main effect of day 1 practice condition on the day 2 performance, and this effect was nearly statistically significant (p=10) in the present data.   Therefore with some degree of caution because of the somewhat elevated alpha level for the statistical test, there is support for the "optimal conditions" view.   While there was little support for the specificity of training principle in the present data, there may be other situations in which this view has merit. Consider a motor task where the specific stimuli to which specific responses are learned change markedly as the environmental conditions change. For example, if a task involves responses to rather weak auditory stimuli, adding a noisy environment could have the effect of masking the auditory stimuli so that other cues (e.g., visual) become dominant. In such a case, it would seem more efficient to practice the task under those conditions that most resemble the conditions for criterion performance.   The chief difference between this hypothetical situation and the one in the present data seems to be that the environmental conditions cause a change in the cues used for proper performance, a condition apparently not present with the manipulation of fatigue.   While it is still possible that the specificity of training principle might be supported in subsequent work with other experimental performance variables, this does not deny the fact that fatigue as a performance variable there was no support for the principle and some support for an "optimal conditions" alternative.

목차

一. 序論
二. 硏究 方法
三. 結果 및 論議
四. 結論
〈參考文獻〉
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