다국적기업의 자본 흐름과 후진국 저개발

• 영문명: Capital flows of Multinational Corporations and Under-development in the Less-development Countries.
• 발행기관: 인하대학교 산업경제연구소
• 저자명: 신황호(Hoang-Ho Shin)
• 간행물 정보: 『경상논집』연구논문집 제3집, 247~288쪽, 전체 42쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1989.06.01

영문 초록

There are two basic arguments against private foreign investment in general and the activities of MNC's in particular - the strictly economic and the more philosophical or ideological. On the economic side, the four gap-filling pro-foreign-investment positions outlined above are countered by the following arguments : (1) Although MNC's provide capital, they may lower domestic savings and investment rates by stifling competition through exclusive production agreements with host governments, failing to reinvest much of their profits, generating domestic incomes for those groups with lower savings propensities, inhibiting the expansion of indigenous firms that might supply them with intermediate products by instead importing these goods from overseas affiliates, and imposing high interest costs on capital borrowed by host governments. (2) Although the initial impact of MNC investment is to improve the foreign exchange position of the recipient nation, its long-run impact may be to reduce foreign exchange earnings on both current and capital accounts. The current account may deteriorate as a result of substantial importation of intermediate products and capital goods while the capital account may worsen because of the overseas repariation of profits, interest royalties, management fees, etc. (3) While MNCs do contribute to public revenue in the form of corporate taxes, their contribution is considerably less than it should be as a result of liberal tax concessions. excessive investment allowances. disguised public subsidies. and tariff protection provided by the host government. (4) The management, entrepreneurial skills, technology, and overseas contacts provided by MNCs may have little impact on developing local sources of these scarce skills and resources and may in fact inhibit their developing local sources of these scarce skills and resources and may in fact inhibit their development by stifling the growth of indigenous entrepreneurship as a result of the MNCs' dominance of local markets. But the really significant criticism of MNCs is usually conducted on more fundamental levels than those briefly outlined above. In particular. Third World countries have commonly raised the following objections. Their impact on development is very uneven, and in many situations MNC activities reinforce dualistic economic structures and exacerbate income inequalities. They tend to promote the interests of the small number of well-paid modern sector wokers against the interests of the rest by widening wage differentials. They divert resources away from needed food production to the manufacture of sophisticated products catering primarily to the demands of local elites. And they tend to worsen the imblance between rural and urban economic opportunities by locating primarily in unban areas and contributing to the accelerated flow of rural-urban migration. Multinationals typically produce inapproprate products(those demanded by a small rich minority of the local population), stimulate inappropriate consumption patterns through advertising and their monopolistic market power, and do this all with inappropriate (capital-intensive) technologies of production. This is perhaps the major area of criticism of MNCs. As a result of (1) and (2), local resources tend to be allocated for socially undesirable projects. This in turn tends to aggravate the already sizable inquality between rich and poor and the serious imblance between urban and rural economic opportunities. Multinationals use their economic power to influence government policies in directions unfavorable to development. They are able to extract sizable economic and political concessions from competing LDC governments in the form of excessive protection, tax rebates, investment allowances, and the cheap provision of factory sites and essential social services. As a result, the private profits of MNCs may exceed social benefits. In some cases, these social returns to host cou

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. MNC의 활동과 제3세계에서의 저개발의 의미

Ⅲ. 전후 MNC의 자본수출과 국가독점자본주의

Ⅳ. MNC의 자본수출과 후진국 저개발

Ⅴ. 결론

참고문헌

ABSTRACT