인구감소가 초래한 지방소멸 위기와 이민*

• 영문명: Crisis of Local Extinction due to Population Decline and Immigration
• 발행기관: 한국지역개발학회
• 저자명: 임형백
• 간행물 정보: 『한국지역개발학회지』제34권 제4호, 15~40쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 지역학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2022.11.30

영문 초록

This thesis examines population and immigration from the perspective ofbalanced national development and local annihilation. From a macro perspective, at theglobal level, population growth is rather a problem. On the other hand, from amicroscopic point of view, the population is decreasing in developed countries andincreasing in developing countries. Already in 1798, Thomas Robert Malthus had agloomy forecast of population growth. At that time, the world population was about 3.5billion people. In 1996, Mathis Wackernagel and William Rees devised the concept of anecological footprint, which by 1970 had already made the earth unsustainable.Meanwhile, Korea stopped the birth control policy in 1989 when it stopped thecontraceptive program. In 1996, the government of the Republic of Korea changed thegoal of its population policy from ‘restriction of birth’ to ‘improvement of quality’.However, despite spending 280 trillion won in the budget to solve the populationproblem for the past 16 years, the fertility rate plummeted to 0.75 in the second quarterof 2022. In the Republic of Korea, balanced national development has emerged as animportant national policy since the Roh Moo-hyun administration (1998-1993). However,20 years later, the balanced national development policy has failed or has not achievedthe desired result. Not many people believe that balanced national development will beachieved by relocating additional public institutions or giving more money to localgovernments. Obsolete policies should be discarded and thoroughly revised. Balancednational development can never be achieved with the same policies as before. Amongthe current balanced national development policies, the most contradictory thing is thatfor the population concentrated in the metropolitan area, new towns are built to providehousing while promoting local distribution of the population. Housing supply in themetropolitan area and balanced national development are conflicting policies. As theinflux of short-term foreign workers became difficult in the COVID-19 situation, farmers,in particular, suffered extreme difficulties due to a shortage of labor. And in thissituation, it is carefully suggested as a solution to immigration as a way to solve thelabor force. However, in rural areas, not only the labor shortage, but also the cultivatedarea and income must be comprehensively considered, and the problems sometimesconflict. There are a few things that Korea should consider before introducing full-scaleimmigration. These are the types of policies that accept foreigners, the differencebetween urban and rural areas, policies to increase the fertility rate, the formation ofmigrant-focused residences, and spatial heterogeneity. It is an era of autonomy anddecentralization. A differentiated development plan that reflects the characteristics ofeach local government is the responsibility of each local government. More importantthan attracting funds and business from the central government is the competitivenessand self-reliance of local governments. And the most fundamental way to increase thefertility rate is to show a vision and hope for the future. This is not a problem that canbe solved with childbirth subsidies.

목차

1. 서론

2. 자연적 선택의 부정적 결과로서의 지역격차

3. 수도권 주택공급 정책과 국가균형발전정책의 조정

4. 인구의 질적 성장 추구

5. 자치단체의 역할

6. 한국의 농촌의 현황

7. 이민정책 실행과 이민청 설립에 앞서 고려되어야 할 사항

8. 결론

참고문헌

키워드

국가균형발전 지방소멸 생태발자국 인구 이민 Balanced Regional Development Local Annihilation Ecological Footprint Population Migration