메이지유신 150년과 천황의 ‘원수화’

• 영문명: 150 years of Meiji Restoration and Sovereignty for the Tenno
• 발행기관: 일본사학회
• 저자명: 유지아(Yoo, Ji-A)
• 간행물 정보: 『일본역사연구』일본역사연구 제48집, 73~102쪽, 전체 30쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 역사학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2018.12.31

영문 초록

In 1868, the Meiji Restoration ended 260 years of the Tokugawa Shogunate era. This event created revolutionary change of politics, society and culture. Yoshida Shoin and his followers, who lead the Meiji Restoration established the concept of ‘Sonnō jōi (Revere the Emperor, expel the barbarians)’. They insisted this concept as a righteous reason for their movement, including elimination of the Shogunate and restoration of sovereign authority of the Tenno. Thus the Meiji government claimed expectation of the Shogunate and restoration of sovereign – The Tenno-regime country. However, at the beginning of the Meiji era, Politics were lead by the ‘Hanbatsu’ and Tenno was an icon of unification. After the Russo-Japanese War, The Hanbatsu lost its power and military rises. This change expands the administrational boundary of army and navy. They gained independent outer strategy and show political growth. Finally, Founders of the Meiji Restoration, who had vast authority upon national strategic decision started to decease during 1910s. This means military administration reached their influence on such national strategy. Since this period, military insisted independence of their mastership and strongly refused governmental intervention upon military. They generally institutionalized such agenda based on the Meiji constitution and made Tenno as generalissimo. The first generalissimo of Japan was Meiji Tenno. After Daisho era, this system stabilized by regent of the Showa Tenno. This unification of Tenno, sovereign and generalissimo continued until surrender of 1945. After WWII, Japanese law excluded the idea of generalissimo and sustain Tenno regime only for the icon, still it is true that sovereignty movement continues. New law’s statement about Tenno’s administrational authority is vague. This line could possibly interpret Tenno as nation’s representative and perfect icon. Later such formal remnant of authority was expanded from its vagueness by conservatives and made constitutional and political issue. The Tenno system is politically important argument for Japanese and both externally and internally influenced their daily life and unconsciousness. Although iconic Tenno does not contain political subject in present Japan, Still its existence implies identification of Japan.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 메이지 유신과 천황의 대권

Ⅲ. 국민국가와 징병령 그리고 대원수

Ⅳ. 패전 후, 천황과 대원수 일원화 해체

Ⅴ. 천황의 원수화 움직임과 현재

Ⅵ. 맺음말

키워드

메이지 유신 천황대권 군주 대원수 통수권 Meiji Restoration Imperial power Sovereign Generalissimo Mastership