사우디아라비아의 형법과 종교 자유권에 대한 고찰

• 영문명: A Study on the Criminal Law and Religious Freedom in Saudi Arabia
• 발행기관: 한국이슬람학회
• 저자명: 김정명(Kim Jeoung Myoung)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국이슬람학회논총』제27권 3호, 1~36쪽, 전체 36쪽
• 주제분류: 인문학 > 종교학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2017.10.30

영문 초록

The purpose of this article is to reveal how the right to religious freedom is being restricted in the Islamic world, focusing on the cases in Saudi Arabia. The right to religious freedom, including the right of individuals to change their religion, is taken for granted by most people in the modern civil societies. However, criminal laws in many Islamic countries stipulate that Muslims who abandon Islam should be punished. According to Shari’a, apostacy (ridda) from Islam is one of the most serious crimes that incur a God-prescribed penalty of death. Today, among the Islamic countries, eight countries such as Saudi Arabia, Afghanistan, Brunei Darussalam, Mauritania, Qatar, the Sudan, UAE and Yemen treat apostasy as a serious crime to be punished for death penalty. Among these eight countries, seven countries, except Saudi Arabia, have clearly defined apostasy as a criminal offense under the penal code. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia, which has no penal code, deals with religious crimes according to Shari‘a. This is the reason why many religious crimes in Saudi Arabia, such as false prophecy, blasphemy, witchcraft, sorcery, and atheism in addition to apostasy can be punished for death , flogging, long term imprisonment, etc in Saudi Arabia. In this context, firstly this paper is going to give an overview of what kinds of penalty Shari‘a has traditionally prescribed for apostasy and how they are applied in modern Islamic countries. Secondly, this article will show what kinds of religious activity are considered criminal offenses in Saudi Arabia. In particular, this article would like to analyze the cases that restrict religious rights of non-Muslim foreigners and non-Sunni Muslims such as Christians, Shi ites and Ahmadis. Finally, this paper examines how religion-related penalties are being exploited to suppress anti-government activists who have advocated social reforms in recent years.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 샤리아와 현대 이슬람 세계에서의 종교 자유권 규제

1. 샤리아에서의 배교자에 대한 전통적인 처벌규정

2. 현대 이슬람 세계에서의 종교 자유권 규제현황

III. 사우디아라비아에서의 종교 관련 범죄 처벌규정과 종교 자유권 규제

1. 형사 처벌 대상이 되는 종교 관련 범죄

2. 비무슬림 외국인과 소수 종파 무슬림에 대한 종교 자유권 규제

IV. 결론

참 고 문 헌

키워드

Saudi Arabia Criminal Law Shari‘a Religious Freedom Apostasy Shi ites Ahmadis 사우디아라비아 형법 샤리아 종교자유권 배교 시아파 아흐마디야파