리더의 성취욕구가 리더십 행동에 미치는 영향

• 영문명: The Impact of Leaderʼs Needs for Achievement on Leadership Behavior: The Moderating Role of Psychological contract
• 발행기관: 한국인사관리학회
• 저자명: 정연종(Jung, Younjong) 손승연(Son, Seung Yeon)
• 간행물 정보: 『조직과 인사관리연구』조직과 인사관리연구 제39집 4권, 111~136쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경영학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2015.11.30

국문 초록

효과적이고 바람직한 리더에 대한 갈망은 동서고금을 막론하고 지속적으로 이어져왔다. 특히 사회의 변화속도가 점점 빨라질수록 바람직한 방향으로 인도해줄 리더의 출현은 더 요구되어지고 있다. 이를 반영하듯 과거부터 지금까지 효과적인 리더십 행동에 대한 많은 연구들이 진행되었다. 하지만 다수의 연구들이 리더십 행동의 결과에 초점을 두었을 뿐, 선행적으로 어떤 요인이 효과적인 리더십 행동을 이끄는지에 대한 관심은 저조하였다. 본 연구는 이런 기존연구의 한계를 보완하기 위해 시작되었다. 구체적으로 리더의 개인특성과 조직에 대한 인식이 리더십 행동에 지대한 영향을 미칠 것으로 보고, 리더의 성취욕구와 심리적 계약이 대표적인 리더십 행동인 과업지향, 관계지향, 변화지향 리더십 행동에 어떤 영향을 미치는지를 살펴보고자 하였다. 육군 간부 198쌍(소대장 및 부사관 분대장)을 대상으로 한 설문분석 결과, 리더의 성취욕구는 과업지향, 관계지향, 변화지향 리더십 행동 각각에 유의한 정(+)적 영향을 미치는 것으로 나타났다. 아울러, 사회교환이론, 자원이론, 특성활성화이론을 토대로 심리적 계약의 조절효과를 가정하고 이를 검증한 결과, 심리적 계약 이행이 높을수록 리더의 성취욕구와 세 가지 리더십 행동들 간의 정적 관계가 약화된다는 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 연구의 말미에 시사점, 그리고 한계 및 향후 연구방향에 대하여 논의하였다

영문 초록

Regardless of ages, a desire for excellent leaders has been continuously sought. As society changes more and more rapidly, the emergence of excellent leaders become increasingly necessary. Accordingly a significant amount of research on effective leadership behavior has been undertaken in both the past and present. So far, most scholars have focused only on results of the leadership behavior. However, research on the antecedents of leadership behavior is lacking. This study has two purposes which are followed : The first purpose is to verify the antecedents of leadership behavior. We present needs for achievement as an antecedent, and examine the positive relationship between needs for achievement of leaders and leadership behavior. The second purpose is to confirm the role of contextual variables in relation to individual traits and leadership behaviors. In particular, we were interested in the psychological contract as contextual variable, and seek to verify that the psychological contract is strongly linked to leadership behavior. The sample for this study comes from the Republic of Korea Army. The final sample consists of 198 Army platoon leaders and 198 platoon first sergeants (their immediate subordinates). The results of this study demonstrated that needs for achievement has significantly positive effect on leadership behavior. These results indicated that leaders who have high needs for achievement are more active. Also, These results indicated that psychological contract enhances the positive relationship between needs for achievement and leadership behavior. In addition, we found that the relationship between needs for achievement and leadership behavior is more strongly displayed when psychological contract is low. These results indicated that psychological contract moderates the relationship between needs for achievement and leadership behavior. It means that when leaders perceived psychological contract fulfillment from organization, their leadership behavior is further strengthened. In addition, it indicated that organization can enhance the leadership behavior of leaders who have lower needs for achievement through psychological contract. The findings of this study offer several implications. First of all, as hypothesized, needs for achievement of leaders enhances leadership behavior. These findings can be explained by behavioral decision theory. From the point of view of human resource management, when organizations recruit members or select leaders, organizations need to consider individual traits. The organizations prepare considerable number of rule sets for a particular level of, or increased performance and stable operation. However, rule sets can not prevent uncertainties which may arise. Therefore, it is always important that an organization selects quality human resources. If an organization adopts a member who has higher needs for achievement, he not only can enhance the performance of the organization fostering the high achievement, but also his active leadership behavior will be able to increase organizational effectiveness when he becomes a leader of a group or team or organization, It suggest that organizations need to adopt members who have higher needs for achievement. In this regard, the results of the present study have practical values. Considering that needs for achievement are not high in all people, these results have more values. Although a leader lacks high needs for achievement, if an organization provides appropriate situation (psychological contract) leadership behavior needs for achievement will be enhanced. It means that an organization should always try to construct a suitable work environment.

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 이론적 배경

Ⅲ. 연구 방법

Ⅳ. 연구 결과

Ⅴ. 논의 및 결론

키워드

성취욕구 심리적 계약 과업지향 리더십 행동 관계지향 리더십 행동 변화지향 리더십행동 Needs for achievement Psychological contract Task-oriented leadership behavior Relation-oriented leadership behavior Change-oriented leadership behavior