韓國의 地主制度에 關한 一硏究 (其 1)

• 영문명: A Study of the Landlord System in Korea (Part I) -On Land Tenure under Japanese Colonial Policy, 1910-45
• 발행기관: 서울대학교 경제연구소
• 저자명: Yong-Ha Shin(愼鏞厦)
• 간행물 정보: 『경제논집』경제논집 5권 3호, 65~129쪽, 전체 64쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1966.09.30

영문 초록

1. Introduction This study aims to analyse the economic structure and historical implications of Korean landlord system in the period of Japanese colonial rule, 1910-45. The system had many special characteristics inherent in itself, which are very difficult for us to interpret. For instance, during the period, the rate of tenant rent had increased remarkably compared with that of preceded feudal system in the Yi dynasty. The fall of owner-farmers to tenant-farmers had become a nation-wide tendency, as the ownership of arable 1 and had been concentrated into the hands of a few landlords. This is only an example and there occurred many other phenomena to be studied. Recently, the interpretation of the phenomena has become a subject of controversy, and two different views has proporsed. A group of economists views the Korean landlord system under the Japanese colonial rule as the equivalent of the "feudal" landlordism which had characterized the landlord system of the Yi dynasty. They have concluded that the landlords of the colonial period were equivalent to feudal landlords; tenant-farmer to serfs; tenant rent to feudal rent; and the rise of tenant rent rate to increase in feudal rent. They believe that, though capitalist economy was dominant in urban-industrial sector, in rural-agricultural sector, and especially in agricultural production, the feudal system was still persistent and, in a sense, reinforced far from being declining. The other group raises quite opposite interpretation. This group maintains that the landlords of the colonial period were similar to the modern landlords or agricultural capitalists; that tenant rent had common characteristics with modern rent or profit; that the tenant-farmers were just the same as modern agricultural laborers. According to this view the Korean landlord system under Japanese colonial rule was quite different from that of the Yi dynasty, that is to say, the one is modern system while the other is feudal one. As a result, capitalism is argued to have risen not only in industrial sector, but also in agricultural sector. These two opposite points of view have produced the different interpretation in the study of other special phenomena which are not mentioned in this paper. The author thinks these views are highly speculative lacking positive bases, liable to bring out dangerous misinterpretation. He emphasizes the unbiased attitude of mind in the research and the use of reliable research materials in order to meet the required positivistic precision in bring out more rational interpretation. The author has conducted this study independent of any speculative views, using available materials published by the Japanese Government-General of Korea. Great efforts have been made to interpret, from a new point of view, the Korean landlord system under the Japanese colonial rule. The first part of this study deals with problems of rent. 2. Problems of Tenant Rent (1) Collection of Tenant Rent In the colonial period the tenant rent was collected in three ways: Chongjo(定租), Tajo(打租), and Chipjo(執租). Under Chongjo method the amount of tenant rent was decided by the tenancy contract between landlords and tenant-farmers, and the tenant rents was collected in fixed amount according to the agreed terms without consideration of crop harvest. In case of Tajo, the rate of tenant rent was fixed every year by agreement between landlords and tenant-farmers, but its amounts were fluctuated depending on the net yields of the year. The amount of tenant rent depended upon the year's harvest. Chipjo took a combined form of Chongjo and Tajo, under which landlords and tenant-farmers figured out, before harvest, the estimated yields, and decided the year's amount of tenant rent based on the estimated figures. The ratio of the application for these methods in the collection of tenant rent was as follows. As we can see in the table, throughout the colonial period, in the case of the

목차

Ⅰ. 序 -問題의 再檢討-

Ⅱ. 韓國地主制度의 原型

Ⅲ. 日帝下 地主制度에 있어서의 小作料의 地代範疇