「리베르만」 論爭과 實際

• 영문명: Liberman's Theories and Its Practices
• 발행기관: 서울대학교 경제연구소
• 저자명: Bin-Gou Kang(姜濱口)
• 간행물 정보: 『경제논집』경제논집 5권 1호, 89~128쪽, 전체 39쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1966.03.31

영문 초록

I. Introduction The idea has been accepted for a long time that profit is what keeps going capitalist enterprises and economy. Under capitalism, therefore, the pursuit of maximum profit seems to be its aim without preestablishing any kind of coordination with or program for the whole of society. This kind of reasoning remains true, even if one favours the theory of the purpose of enterprise that has been developed in recent years, the most outstanding scholar in this field being P. F. Drucker, who refuses maximization of profit as the purpose of enterprise by replacing it by "adequate profit" as the first responsibility towards society. In the same way the emerging of managerial society does not oppose the above reasoning either, because the parts played by the capitalist so far will only be taken over by the managers of industrial enterprises. For these reasons it is astonishing that the notion of profit, characteristic of capitalist society, is being introduced into the socialist economy of USSR. The association of the terms of "profit" and "communism" has, at first glance, a shocking effect. The introduction of profit has come about after a series of discussions, the contents of which have been called Libermanism. Liberman, professor at the University of Kharkov, becomes the exponent of new theories in 1962 and after the personal changes at the Kremlin, the discussions of Libermanism are led with more fervour while experiments with a number of his new ideas are being carried through. We have, therefore, reasons to ask: Are the USSR going to let themselves inspire by capitalism and are they trying to adopt profit as a motor for social production ? Does this mean a confession of failure concerning economic planning practised until now ? Reality is less spectacular: there is no economic revolution in the USSR. The experiments carried out now are rather meant to improve planning than to undermine its foundations. If profit is being introduced into this system its function is very different from that in capitalism. II. Evaluation of P. F. Drucker's Theory of Profit P. F. Drucker thinks that his theory about profit and profitability may be applied regardless of any difference in economic or social systems. Thus, according to him, "profit figures are the only thing the management has to go by when it makes his decisions-in a collectivist and planned as well as in a free-enterprise economy. They are inevitably the first yardstick and gauge of performance." And "profitability operates as much under collectivism as under individualism, under government control and government ownership as in a free-enterprise system." The validity of this indiscriminating application is dubious. Profit under socialism, admitted and considered necessary already by Lenin, is clearly subordinated to the principle of planned national economy. The fact that all enterprises in the USSR are nationalized makes profit outside planned economy impossible. And therefore the fulfilment of the plan is "the first yardstick and gauge of performance." Consequently, profit, being "a necessity of survival" to the enterprise for Drucker, need not be so under socialism. The enterprise or its survival does not depend on the profit it makes but rather on the decision of a state which may even close down a profitable enterprise if it is thought necessary. Moreover, there may be enterprises operating with a deficit foreseen in the plan. Under the planned economy therefore, profit is not "the first social responsibility as well as its first duty toward itself and its workers." Drucker further defines profit as "the risk premium that covers the costs of staying in business-replacement, obsolescence, market risk and uncertainty," and that "profit insures the supply of future capital for innovation and expansion." But if an enterprise estimated as important within the plan should not have made the profit estimated in the plan itself, the state will take over the ri

목차

Ⅰ. 序言

Ⅱ. 「드러커」 利潤論의 吟味

Ⅲ. 「리베르만」 論爭의 展開와 背景

Ⅳ. 「리베르만」 理論의 槪要

Ⅴ. 「레베르마니즘」에 대한 反論

Ⅵ. 「리베르마니즘」의 實驗과 蘇聯經濟變化의 內容

Ⅶ. 蘇聯經濟改革의 評價 및 그 問題點

Ⅷ. 結語