한국인의 유교적 가치측정문항개발 연구

• 영문명: Item Development for Korean Confucian Values
• 발행기관: 한국인사조직학회
• 저자명: 류수영(Su Young Ryu)
• 간행물 정보: 『인사조직연구』인사·조직연구 제15권 제4호, 171~205쪽, 전체 35쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경영학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2007.12.30

국문 초록

  본 연구는 한 사회의 지배적인 가치가 개인의 선호도 및 자아형성뿐만 아니라, 개인간의 상호작용방식과 사회구조형성에 크게 영향을 미친다는 사실에 주목하여, 한국인의 지배적인 가치인 유교적 가치를 측정할 수 있는 설문문항을 개발하고자 한다. 이를 위하여 기존문헌자료와 1990년부터 2006년까지의 언론기사를 중심으로 한국인의 유교적 가치특성과 관련된 문항들을 내용분석을 통해 113문항을 추출하였고, 그 중에서 100문항을 전문가에게 Q-sort하게 하였다. 그 결과 얻어진 40문항 중에서 의미의 중첩성과 모호함을 나타내는 3문항을 제거한 후, 37문항의 신뢰성과 타당성을 검토하기 위해서 교차타당성(cross-validity)분석을 하였다. 연구결과, 한국인의 유교적 가치를 반영하는 29개의 측정항목들이 선택되었고, 이들 문항들은 개인의 도덕함양(仁)과 사회질서유지(禮와 義)로 구성되어 있음을 발견하였다. 이러한 결과는 유교가 행위자와 대상과의 관계를 중시하고 개인의 인격적인 성숙을 강조하기 때문에 나타나는 관계학문적 특성과 윤리 철학적 속성을 반영한 것이다. 본 연구결과는 추후 연구에서 한국인의 유교적 가치와 다른 변수들과의 관계를 밝히는 실증연구의 설문도구로 활용될 수 있다는 점에서 중요한 학문적인 의의가 있다.

영문 초록

  The study aims at developing a valid measure device for Korean Confucian values, a device that can be used in future research in the form of a questionnaire. Three processes verifying statistics were necessary. First, 113 items have been extracted on the basis of the content analysis of existing research results and newspaper articles from 1990 to 2006 that deal with Korea"s value systems. Second, Q-sort technique by five experts on Eastern philosophy selected items reflecting typical Confucian values among 113 items. 40 items have been selected through this process. Next, two experts on Eastern philosophy inspected the meaning overlapping and the ambiguity among items to delete 3 of 40 items. Third, the exploratory factor analysis and the cross-validity test have been conducted to identify the reliability and the validity of 37 items.
  565 samples were collected by snowball sampling, out of which 507 (age range from 19-57 years) have been analyzed. Of the samples collected, 285 were university students and 222 job holders-teachers, educational administration officers, accountants, police officers, consultants, researchers, etc. while 205 were female and 302 male. Firstly, all samples were spilt into two groups, 253 for the common factor analysis (CFA) and 254 for the cross-validity test. The result of CFA with oblique rotation shows that 29 items are valid and these items construct two factor structures. Next, the confirmatory factor analysis was conducted for identifying the cross-validity. This result supports convergent and discriminant validity of two factor structures obtained from CFA (see〈Table 1〉).
  Korean Confucian values consist of two factors. The first factor called virtuous completion (“仁, ren”) stresses cultivating self and maturing personality. Self and personality here encompass 22 items: Belief, conscience, ethic, sincerity, responsibility, endeavor attitude, diligence, generous mind, self-reflection, modesty, discretion in speaking and acting, liberality, faith, courtesy, reciprocity, integrity, harmony, principle, education, simplicity, filial piety, and harmonious human relationship. Combined, these items often lead to a typically Korean sentiment of “情, qing”.
  The second factor named ‘social order" consists of 7 items and is made related to the exteriority and the content. Righteousness (“義, yi”) and courtesy (“禮, li”) are highly emphasized as the important managing principle in ancient Confucian societies. Formality of rituals, attendance at common rites, orthodoxy of a family line, ancestral rites, traditions, respect and obedience to the old, and justification: These 7 items are comparable to the hierarchical human relationships in collective societies cited in previous comparative cultural researches.
  My finding shows that Korean value systems are much more similar to Chinese counterparts than to Western ones, for instance seen in Rockeach"s value survey. Korean value systems mainly reflect collective values and emphasize rituals, family, and human relations. They hardly include individualistic values such as independence, liberty, and equality. However, the results also indicate that Korea and China have developed different values for the maintenance of different social orders: The courtesy for Korea and the Middle Way (“中庸, Zhongyong”) for China.
  Two factors that formed the values of humanity and courtesy are highly inter-related, to the extent that humanity necessarily accompanies courtesy. Thus, when one of the two is missing, one"s action would hardly get social justification. As an ethical system emphasizing one"s self maturity, Confucianism is indeed primarily concerned with relations among actors and objects. These values are expected to influence not only individual"s preferences, self-shaping or human relations, but also maintenance and management of

목차

〈초록〉
Ⅰ. 서론
Ⅱ. 유교적 가치
Ⅲ. 연구방법
Ⅳ. 결론 및 시사점
참고문헌
〈부록 1〉한국인의 유교적 가치관, 중국인의 유교적 가치관, 그리고 Rokeach의 수단-목적적 가치관
〈부록 2〉 한국인의 유교적 가치 측정문항개발과정
ABSTRACT
〈Table 1〉 Results of Common Factor Analysis and Confirmatory Factor Analysis

키워드

유교적 가치 도덕함양(仁) 사회질서유지(禮와 義) Confucian Values Humanity Courtesy Righteousness