韓國女性史 定立을 위한 女性人物 類型硏究Ⅱ - 開港에서 3ㆍ1운동까지 -

• 영문명: A Portrait of Women in Korean History (Ⅱ) 1876~1919
• 발행기관: 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원
• 저자명: 조형(Cho Hyoung) 최숙경(Choi Sook Kyung) 이배용(Lee Bae Yong) 전미란(Cheon Mi Ran) 안연선(Ahn Yeon Sun) 박진숙(Park Jin Sook)
• 간행물 정보: 『여성학논집』제8집, 11~102쪽, 전체 92쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1992.06.01

영문 초록

The period from 1876 to 1919(3.1 Independent Movement) covered in this paper was an era of upheaval in Korean history: the country first opened door to Japan and the west by the pressure of World Powers, and she was colonized by Japanese imperialism. While the period was detrimental to the nation as a whole, to women it was marked by the beginning of their access to modern education, modern occupations, and modern social activities. This paper aims to shed light on this change by examining the patterns of women's participation in politics, education, and economic and social activities. In Politics Politics had traditionally been a male domain and remained so until the period covered in this paper. However, women's active participation in political affairs, though informl, appeared. Those women can be categorized into three groups: court women, women of high officials and women organized for a national cause. There was no single woman who held an official position in the national politics, but court women who could easily access to the king as well as wives and concubines of high ranking officials made impact on politics, though indirectly through their husbands or men related to them personally. The most eminent figure among the court women was Empress Min (閔杞) who acted practically as a ruler during a short period. The threat of the national fate by Japanese imperialism aroused many women to protest against Japanese militia and the colonial rule. The movement for compensation of national debts and 3.1 Independent Movement were particularly notable in women's political activities. It suggests that women became aware of their duty to save the nation as its subjects and an integral part. In Modern Professions Modern professions in medicine, teaching, office and factory works first appeared during the period, and women (relatively female than man) became involved in these new professions. Women who were engaged in medical and educational jobs were the first professional women in Korea. They were not necessarily from aristocratic families, but from enlightened families or from lower classes that allowed these women to get modern education. With the introduction of capitalist production, wage earners in the manufacturing sector were newly emerged. These early wage laborers during the Japanese rule were largely women, who were engaged in the work traditionally perceived as women's such as spinning and weaving, separating stone from rice, rubbery, matches and tobacco processing and sericulture. Mostly from poor families, the motives of their employment was mainly an economic one, but in general they suffered from distress under the discriminatory low-income structure. In addition, they also suffered triple hardships by racial, social and class discriminations in the colonial labor market. Apart from these new kinds of jobs became available to women, such as office workers, bank tellers, telephone operators, and shop clerks. These white collar women workers received some modern education to be prepared for basic knowledge and technology for their jobs. Women's new access to modern educational system that facilitated women for modern economic and social activities was mainly through girls' schools established by foreign missionaries, government, male symphathizers as well as women. The women who established schools at that time were mostly educated in traditional learning (mainly Chinese classics), from north-west provinces, and largely "alienated women" such as widows, concubines, and Kisaeng(妓生 : entertaining women). However, court women and wives of high-ranking government officials also contributed to the early women's education, and women's organizations and institutions also founded schools. The major reason for establishing schools for girls was to modernize women in order for them to become wise mothers by which they participate in patriotic activities for the salvation of the national crisis.

목차

1. 머리말

2. 여성의 정치활동

3. 여성의 사회·경제활동

4. 여성의 교육활동

5. 맺음말

참고문헌

부록

Abstract