한국여성사 정립을 위한 여성인물 유형연구 Ⅲ - 3·1운동 이후부터 해방까지 -

• 영문명: A Portrait of Women in Korean History Ⅲ : 1919~1945
• 발행기관: 이화여자대학교 한국여성연구원
• 저자명: 최숙경(Sook-Kyung Cho) 이배용(Bae Yong Lee) 신영숙(Young-Sook Shin) 안연선(Yon-Son Ahn)
• 간행물 정보: 『여성학논집』제10집, 11~139쪽, 전체 129쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1993.12.01

영문 초록

This paper explores Korean women's participation in educational, economic, social activities from 1919 to 1945-the period after the March 1 independence movement to the time of liberation from Japanese occupation. This period was characterized by the extension of women's access to the modern educational system and by the increase in women's participation in the formal sector, especially by learned professional women. Women's educational opportunity expanded beginning with the March 1 independence movement. Formal and informal educational institutions for women were gradually established by women and Christians. Greater educational opportunity for women contributed to reduced illiteracy rates and to a greater awareness of their oppressed position as women and as people of a Japanese colony. Although the principal intention of Japanese colonialists was to assimilate Korean people into Japanese culture through education, Korean men and women instead used their education to foster a consciousness of nationalism against Japanese rule. In this period, many women intellectuals trained by modern education at home and abroad came to work in various occupations as teachers, reporters, nurses, musicians, painters, dancers, novelists, poets, and pilots. They were pioneers for professional women in modern Korea. Among them were some women from lower classes (i.e. the commoners' class) who elevated their social status through education or wealth. Professional women in this period pursued a "super woman image" as an ideal career woman's model. However, they suffered from their double burden of household and workplace labor. Regarding women's economic activities, the participation rate of women in the economic sector during the period totaled 35%. The majority were rural and factory women workers who worked with low wages and social status. Women workers were concentrated in such industries as textile, rubber, and rice milling. The content of their labor in factories was almost same as that of their household labor. (Korean women traditionally used to weave and grind various corns including rice as a ordinary household labor.) Japan's monopolistic capitalists and colonialists exploited these women workers, as well as women divers in the fishing industry. Such exploitation provoked a systematic women's labor movement, disputes on tenancy, and so on. In the meantime, women participated in various social organizations geared towards women's enlightenment, communist revolution, or national liberation. These activities inspired women to assume a feminist consciousness as well as a class consciousness and national identity. However, beginning in the 1930's, some of these women's organizations served as a pro-Japanese propaganda agency to implement Japanese imperialistic rule over the Korean peninsula. With the outbreak of World War Ⅱ, Japan urged women's activities in social and economic sectors in order to mobilize and exploit the female labor force in Korea during the war. Yet, since Japanese colonial policy regulated the supply and demand of labor, women's activities in social and economic sectors were extremely limited. Despite these circumstances, Korean women gradually extended their activities in various sectors of society and struggled against gender and national discrimination under Japanese colonialism.

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말

Ⅱ. 신여성의 출현과 여성의식의 변화

Ⅲ. 식민지 시대 전문직 여성의 사회활동

Ⅳ. 식민지 시대 공업과 농업내 여성의 경제활동

Ⅴ. 여성운동의 조직 유형과 활동

Ⅵ. 맺음말

참고문헌

부록

Abstract