Integration Interrupted

• 영문명: Integration Interrupted: The Impact of September 11, 2001
• 발행기관: 세종대학교 경제통합연구소
• 저자명: Lauren Lipovic Matthew Sido Animesh Ghoshal
• 간행물 정보: 『Journal of Economic Integration』제30권 제1호, 66~92쪽, 전체 27쪽
• 주제분류: 경제경영 > 경제학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2015.03.31

영문 초록

The economies of Canada and the United States, closely linked for many years, began a formal process of tighter integration with the Canada?United States Free Trade Agreement (1989) and North American Free Trade Agreement (1994). Due to the ease of border crossing, American and Canadian consumers took advantage of exchange rate variations to engage in cross-border shopping, implying a movement toward unified markets in the border regions. This process of integration was interrupted by tighter border controls after the terrorist attacks of 9/11. In this paper, we investigate the disruption of normal patterns of day tripping across the US-Canadian border. Using seasonally adjusted monthly data for the period 1994~2011, we show a robust relationship between the exchange rate and the flow of day trippers in each direction, implying cross-border shopping to be a major motive for day trippers. Using dummy variables to represent the security measures enacted in September 2001, and the stricter documentation required after January 2008, we show that both sets of measures significantly reduced cross-border trips and thickened the border.

목차

Ⅰ. Introduction

Ⅱ. Exchange Rate and Currency Substitution

Ⅲ. Security Measures and Border Crossings

Ⅳ. Data and Methodology

Ⅴ. Visual Inspection of Trends

Ⅵ. Statistical Estimation

Ⅶ. Conclusion and Implication

키워드

Cross-border Shopping Economic Integration Exchange Rates Post 9/11 Security Measures