麥類의 品種育成發達過程과 新品種普及이 食糧增産에 미치는 影響

• 영문명: Some aspects of the influences of the varietal development and recommandation of wheat and barley on the food production
• 발행기관: 한국육종학회
• 저자명: Chang Hwan Cho(曺章煥) Bong Ku Kim(金鳳九)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국육종학회지』Vol.17 No.4, 94~110쪽, 전체 17쪽
• 주제분류: 농수해양 > 기타농수해양
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 1985.12.30

영문 초록

These trials were designed (1) to study breeding method, observation for the characters investigated, cultural method and the process of the change in the characteristics which have been applied to breeding for the barley and wheat varieties since 1906, (2) to suggest the direction for breeding a more ideal early maturing, winter hardy and high yielding varieties on the basis of the results, (3) and to supply to farmers how much the new barley and wheat varieties would yield, and how much they would contribute to increase their income. The results obtained are summarized as follows : 1. Barley and wheat species were named and first recorded in 1273. In 1429, those varieties were named and first recorded. It is supposed that actually the names of barley and wheat species would exist before those times. 2. Korean landraces, introduced varieties and bred varieties were cultivated in Korea Suweon 18, Jecheon 5, Buheung, Olbori, Gangbori in barley and Yukseong 3, Norin 4, Changkwang, Chokwang in wheat. 3. Selection techniques have been improved using new techniques for earliness in narrow sense, short day response and growth habit, wet tolerance, disease resistance, including scab, stem rust, leaf rust and powdery mildew, viviporous germination and acid toxity, etc for breeding promising lines in barley and wheat. 4. The origin of semi-dwarf genes of wheat dates back to the Anzunbaengimil in Korea. The variety was introduced to Japan from Korea between 1592-1599 or 1904-1905. Japanese selected Daruma and Norin 10 from it. Norin 10 was introduced by Dr. Salmon and given out to Dr. Vogel who developed high yielding varieties such as Gaines and Nugaines from it. Norin 10/Brevor 14 was given out to Dr. Borlaug in CIMMYT, who developed and released semi-dwarf, high yielding, spring varieties made great contributions to world wheat production. 5. Field heading date of barley become earlier in the newly bred varieties that matured 7 days earlier. Wheat also matured 12 days earlier since 1960. Culm length got shortened in the newly bred varieties of barley and wheat about 85 cm and 75 cm, respectively. 6. Heavy density adaptation was higher in the newly bred varieties of Olbori, Gangbori and Jogangbori in barley, Geurumil, Saemil, Eunpamil, Dahongmil in wheat showing good fertilizer response and lodging resistance as well. 7. Dry weight of leaf and spike was 1 : 1 in recently developed varieties. The ratio of leaf to spike of high yielding variety was 59 : 41% for barley and 52 : 48% for wheat. 8. LAI, NAR and chlorophyll content were higher in the newly bred varieties. LAI was 4.2 for barley and 6.4-6.8 for wheat. NAR was 6.61 - 7.07 g/㎡/day for barley and 8.30-8.47 g/㎡/day for wheat. Chlorophyll content was about 5.0mg per plant for wheat. 9. The grain yield was higher in the newly bred varieties. The annual increment rate from 1906 to the present has been 3.0% for barley and 3.3% for wheat. For the varieties, culm length was shortened and heavy density adaptation, dry weight, LAI, NAR and chlorophyll content become higher. The ratio of leaf weight to spike weight become 1 : 1. From the view point of yield components, No. of spike per ㎡ and 1000 grain weight increased a little more. 10. From the view point of the agricultural gross income, the contribution rate of wheat and barley to the farmer was 5.9% which was the highest next to rice, vegetables and fruits. In the product of food, the contribution rate of wheat and barley was 13% being highest next to rice. 11. Newer barley and wheat varieties cultivation resulted in annual increment of barley 134,003 M/T and wheat 11,994 M/T from 1961 to 1983. Annual increment was 23,485 million won for barley, 1,700 million won for wheat which made great contrbution to agricultural gross receipts and proved that the effect of wheat and barley breeding was very great in Korea.

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材料 및 方法

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