노동이주 추이와 사회통합정책의 과제

• 영문명: A Change in Labor Migration in Korea and the Future of Social Cohesion Policy
• 발행기관: 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원)
• 저자명: 김석호(Seok Ho Kim) 정기선(Ki Seon Chung) 이정은(Jeong Eun Lee) 여정희(Jeong Hee Yeo) 하헌주
• 간행물 정보: 『한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서』2011 연구보고서 15-5, 1~258쪽, 전체 257쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2011.12.30

국문 초록

Ⅰ. 서론 1. 연구필요성과 목적 □ 한국 정부의 이주노동자 정책은 노동력의 효율적 이용에만 초점이 맞춰져 있었던 것이 사실이며, 대부분의 외국인 대상 사회통합 정책은 결혼이주여성과 그 가족을 중심으로 이루어져 왔음. 그러나 이주노동자의 장기 체류화, 불법체류 증가, 정주화 가능성 고조, 민족집단 공동체(ethnic enclaves) 형성 등과 같은 현실적 변화를 고려했을 때, 이들의 한국사회 내 삶과 노동을 이제까지와는 다른 시각에서 살펴볼 필요가 있음. □ 이주노동자를 잠시 한국사회에 노동력을 제공하고 떠나는 사람들로 취급해 한국어 교육과 문화 소개에 초점을 둔 정책에서 벗어나, 이들을 한국에서 일하고 가족을 꾸리고 사는 생활인으로 바라보고 복지, 고용, 가족, 교육 정책을 통한 보편적 서비스의 제공이라는 진정한 의미의 사회통합 정책을 고민해 볼 시기가 되었음. 정부의 사회통합 정책에 이주노동자를 그 대상으로 포함시키는 것을 고민해야 함. □ 사회통합을 사회적 포용(social inclusion)과 사회적 배제(social exclusion)를 동시에 포괄하는 것으로 개념화하고, 이주노동자에 대한 사회통합정책은 차이, 불평등, 사회적 배제의 수준을 감소시키고 사회적 관계, 상호작용 및 연계를 강화하여 사회자본 수준을 증대하는 방향으로 수립되어야 한다고 제안함. □ 이주노동자가 한국사회 적응과정에서 나타날 수 있는 사회통합적 과제들이 적절하게 드러나는 지점은 이들이 한국사회와 맺는 관계 또는 집단 간 상호작용임. 이는 사회통합이 사회자본의 강화와 사회경제적 불평등의 해소를 통해 달성되는 것이며, 이주노동자가 한국인 및 한국사회와 맺는 관계의 내용과 형식은 위의 사회통합의 두 가지 차원이 중첩된 결과라고 보기 때문임.

영문 초록

A common policy on labor immigration in Korea has been focused on the effective use of foreign labor and the majority of social programs to integrate foreigners were targeted to immigrant from and their families. However, considering ongoing changes in Korean society such as long-term , growing illegal immigrants, the legalization of undocumented migration, increasing formation of ethnic enclaves have provided a new insight into current policies on labor migration. It is proposed that labor immigrants should be included into social cohesion policies. In this paper, the term of social cohesion is re-conceptualized covering two contradictory concepts of social inclusion and social exclusion; social cohesion policies need to establish to strengthen social capital by means of reducing inequality and social exclusion and enhancing stronger social ties and interactions. To do so, it is necessary to identify factors that could act as barriers to labor immigrant in adjusting themselves to the social economic system in Korea. Understanding how they interact with Korea society at both micro and macro levels presumably enable researchers to figure out those potential barriers. Based on previous research on "Survey on Foreign Immigrants" conducted by Department of Justice in 2010, the current research is designed to look at social relationships, participation in social clubs/activities, social support, discrimination experiences, and an intent to stay long-term/illegal residence among migrant workers with H-2 visa in order to identify a wide range of barriers that they have been facing in Korean society. Social relationships include both foreigners to Koreans and foreigners-foreigners by two types of employment permit; (1) E-9 visa and (2) H-2 visa. In-depth interview for Korean-Chinese and migrant workers was conducted. Migrant Workers with E-9 visa The findings show that social network among migrant workers holding E-9 visa is exclusive and rare interaction with Korean society that occur in workplace only. They tend to form the nationality/ethnicity-based social relationship. They make a use of those social networks as a critical source of various types of social support in the form of information, emotional support, and functional support. It is interesting that longer residency in Korea increased the exclusiveness. It is noteworthy that migrant workers who have stayed longer in Korea are more likely to report higher level of life satisfaction. They also reported that language difficulty is the biggest barrier in adjusting in a new environment. Problems of loneliness and conflicts with families in were followed. Fifteen percent of legal migrant workers intended to stay longer in Korea even after the expiration of the working visa and 28% of illegal migrant workers showed their intention to stay longer. More than half of the respondents reported attitude toward Korean society has been changed in a more favorable way. Korean-Chinese workers with H-2 visa The characteristics of Korean-Chinese worker social networks are similar with other migrant workers, being small and homogeneous in nationality. The length of residency in Korea did not increase/decrease the size of relationship with Korean. However, whether or not residing with their own family in Korea had a different pattern of social interactions showing more frequent participation in social/religious activities. Having families in Korea often causes a family conflict since they had a more economic burden, leading to lower life satisfaction. Acceptance of Foreign Workers to Korean Society Although it is shown that many Koreans see the economic impacts of foreign immigration on Korean society in a positive way, the concerns about social conflicts and tax burdens to support welfare of immigrants are also growing. Also, more foreign workers could contribute to the increase in social cost by replacing Korean workers with them. When it comes to the acceptance of foreign

목차

연구요약

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 한국의 이주노동자와 사회통합

Ⅲ. 노동이주의 변화와 이주노동자 집단의 특성

Ⅳ. 이주노동자와 한국 사회와의 관계 : 기존 자료 분석

Ⅴ. 이주노동자와 한국 사회와의 관계: 심층면접

Ⅵ. 결론

참고문헌

부록

Abstract