경제성장전략과 여성일자리(Ⅲ)

• 영문명: Economic Growth Strategy and Job Creation for Women -Female Employment Structures and Policies-
• 발행기관: 한국여성정책연구원(구 한국여성개발원)
• 저자명: 김태홍(Tae Hong Kim) 양인숙(In sook Yang) 배호중(Ho Joong Bae) 금재호(Jae ho Keum) 이상준(Sang Jun Lee)
• 간행물 정보: 『한국여성정책연구원 연구보고서』2012 연구보고서 20, 1~400쪽, 전체 399쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 여성학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2012.12.31

국문 초록

1. 연구목적 □ 우리 경제는 장기적으로 경제성장률이 저하되고 있음과 동시에, 구조적으로는 성장에 따른 고용창출능력(job creation capacity)이 저하되고 있다. 즉, 실질경제성장률을 보면, 1980년대에는 7.7%이었으나, 1990년대 6.3%, 그리고 2000년대에는 4.4%로 지속적으로 하락 추이를 보이고 있다. 뿐만 아니라 우리 경제의 일자리창출능력을 나타내는 취업계수 즉, 산업부문 1단위(산출액 10억) 생산에 직접 필요한 노동력을 보면, 1995년 12.7명에서 2000년 7.2명 그리고 2010년에는 3.8명으로 감소하였다. ○ 지난 10년간의 여성일자리 창출수준을 살펴보면, 산업연관표의 성별 취업 계수에 의하면 과거 1995년 산업부문 1단위 생산에 여성취업자 8.3명이 필요하였으나, 2010년에는 2.7명에 불과하였다. 이와 같은 취업계수의 저하와 함께 경제성장률이 둔화됨에 따라 여성고용률은 2000년 47.0%에서 2011년 48.1%로 1.1%포인트 증가되었다. 이와 같이 여성일자리는 양적으로 큰 증가를 기대할 수 없을 뿐 아니라, 일자리 창출구조면에서도 과거와는 달리 지식기반서비스업에 속하는 보건ㆍ사회복지서비스, 교육서비스, 사업서비스 등 한정된 업종에서만 여성일자리가 창출되고 있다. 또한 고용형태에서도 상용직 일자리에 여성 취업은 늘고 있으나, 이들 일자리의 고용의 질이나 안정성이 과거와 같이 보장되고 있지 않다.

영문 초록

The economy of South Korea has been experiencing a continuous decrease of growth rate and job creation capacity. The real economic growth rate has continued to decrease from 7.7% in the 1980s to 6.3% in the 1990s and to 4.4% in the 2000s. The employment coefficient which indicates job creation capacity has been decreased from 12.7 employees in 1995 to 7.2 in 2000 and to 3.8 in 2010. According to the employment coefficient of an inter-industrial relations table, the demand for women employees needed for production per unit has fallen from 8.3 employees in 1995 to 2.7 in 2010. As the employment coefficient has declined amid the slowdown of economic growth rate, the rate of women's employment increased only slightly from 47.0% in 2000 to 48.1% in 2011. Therefore, it is hard for us to expect a large quantitative increase in the number of jobs for women and, unlike before, only a limited number of knowledge-based service industries - such as healthcare, social welfare service, education and enterprise services industries - create women jobs. The purpose of this study is to develop policies on women's employment in the medium and long term perspectives in an era of changing economic growth strategies. Under the three-year-long research project, a first-year and a second-year researches were conducted to examine economic growth strategies of the current government and to explore policy challenges in creating women jobs. In the first year research, we looked into how we can develop and utilize female human resources in the green growth sector. In the second year research, we analyzed the prospect of women's employment in the service sectors and developed policies to create jobs for women. This third-year study, as a final stage of the three-year-long research project, is focused on understanding the current state of women's jobs in the labor market. The major target groups are women in their 20s and early 30s and in the child-bearing and child-rearing phase of the lifecycle. Accordingly, we analyzed the following subjects: the status and characteristics of female jobs, structures of women's employment, fluctuations in economic activity of young employees and their current employment status, turnover of young and women employees in the phase of giving birth and raising children, utilization of maternity protection act for women workers after childbirth, retention of female employees, types of female employment, working hours and working conditions of female employees, family relationship, rate of satisfaction with jobs and the transition of employment status of women in the period of childbirth and child-rearing. Based on those results, we suggest specific policies to solve the problems of career-breaks women experience in the phase of childbirth and child-rearing, which are different from the previous approaches merely focused on maternity protection. Based on basic statistical data such as national account, economically active population survey and wage structure survey and OECD publications, we analyze the structures and changes of women's employment as well as the employment state of youth by gender. We examine regional employment state survey results and maternal leave panel data from employment insurance database to analyze the career-breaks of young women employees as well as their utilization of maternity protection act. Moreover, we utilize Korea Labor Institute Panel Survey (KLIPS) to analyze both the employment status of women workers in relation with childbirth and their intention to leave their jobs during childbearing and childrearing phases. The findings of this study are as follows. First, female employment structures in South Korea show that 70% of women are likely to be employed from 25 to 29 years old, but many of them experience the career-break for marriage, childbirth and child-rearing. Especially, highly-educated women tend not to re-enter the labor market anymore after withdrawal for childbirth an

목차

발간사

연구요약

Ⅰ. 서론

Ⅱ. 경제성장과 여성고용

Ⅲ. 청년층 여성의 취업 현황과 구조

Ⅳ. 청년층 여성취업자의 노동이행

Ⅴ. 모성보호제도와 여성고용

Ⅵ. 출산ㆍ육아기 여성의 근로실태 및 이직의향 요인 조사

Ⅶ. 여성고용구조 개선 및 정책방안

참고문헌

부록

Abstract