공적개발원조(ODA)가 경제성장에 미친 효과성에 관한 실증 연구와 그 시사점

• 영문명: An Empirical Analysis of the Effect of ODA on the Economic Growth of Developing Countries - with a Focus on Indonesia, the Philippines and Vietnam -
• 발행기관: 국제개발협력학회
• 저자명: 서우택(Woo Taek Suh)
• 간행물 정보: 『국제개발협력연구』제4권 제1호, 57~87쪽, 전체 31쪽
• 주제분류: 사회과학 > 정책학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2011.06.30

국문 초록

본 연구에서는 날로 국제사회에서 ODA의 경제성장에 미치는 효과성 여부에 관심이 높아지고 있다는 인식 아래, 우리나라가 ODA를 중점적으로 지원 및 공여하고 있는 ODA 전략국인 인도네시아, 필리핀 및 베트남 등 세 나라를 중심으로 과연 ODA가 그들 국가의 경제성장에 어떠한 영향을 미치는 지를 ‘솔로우 성장모형’을 토대로 패널분석 및 각 국가별 최소자승법(OLS) 분석을 통한실증 분석을 실시하였다. 먼저 3개국 전체를 통합분석 했을 때, ODA와 1인당 GDP와의 관계가 양(陽)으로 나타났다. 국가별 분석에서는, 베트남, 필리핀과 인도네시아에 있어서 ODA의 경제성장에 관한 기여도 및 효과성 여부는 각각 긍정적인 영향(+), 유의하지 못한 영향(0), 유의하지만 부정적인 영향(-) 등 으로 나타났다. 이상에서 실시한 실증분석에서 얻은 시사점을 바탕으로 ODA 정책의 바람직한 개선방향을 제시하였다. 따라서, 본 연구는 ODA정책이 기존의 공여국 중심에서 수원국 중심으로 근본적이고 실질적으로 전환해야 할 필요성과 더불어 개발원조 수원국 특성과 입장을 적극 고려한 맞춤형 개발원조가 요구됨을 강조한다. 이에 수원국들의 빈곤감소와 지속가능한 경제성장 기반구축을 위해서는 경제개발 경험과 선진 기술을 제공함에 있어 각국 특성을 철저히 고려해야 한다.

영문 초록

South Korea s successful economic growth model has long been emulated by policy makers in many developing countries. After the end of the Korean War in the early 1950 s, South Korea s economic reconstruction was fundamentally based on financial support from foreign aid agencies aimed at assisting poor countries development. Half a century later in 2010, South Korea was accepted as the 24th member of the OECD s club of donor nations known as the Development Assistance Committee(DAC). Becoming the first nation in the world to have transformed from a recipient to a donor of aid, South Korea is much expected to play a greater role in the international community. As a new member of the DAC, South Korea seeks to increase the volume and quality of its Official Development Assistance (ODA). In this context, this research reviews theoretical approaches and previous studies on the role of ODA in the growth of developing countries. Analysis was especially focused on South Korea s major ODA beneficiaries, Indonesia, Vietnam and the Philippines, to identify the extent to which ODA has contributed to economic growth in these countries. Results were drawn from regression analysis of variables pertaining to national economic conditions. In the empirical analysis of the study, the following variables were selected. y : GDP per capita based on purchasing power parity (1980-2009) SK: Ratio of real domestic investment over real GDP (1980-2009) SH: Proportion of working age population with secondary educations in the total population (1980-2009) SO: Ratio of total ODA over GDP (1980-2009) n : Annual growth rate of the working age population (1980-2009) Analysis results are summarized as follows. In the analysis of combining all data of 3 countries, the relationship between ODA and GDP per capita was positive. However, different results were found in studying individual countries. ODA was not found to have a positive impact on GDP per capita in the case of Indonesia. However, lnSK and lnSH values were confirmed to be statistically significant within a 10% level of significance, indicating the need for Indonesia to focus on domestic investment and development of human resources. For the Philippines, all independent variables studied were not found to be statistically significant, meaning that there exists no relationship between ODA and GDP per capita. A distinct set of results were obtained for Vietnam, with all independent variables studied being statistically significant within a 10% level of significance. In summary, the analysis validated the positive effect of ODA on GDP per capita in the case of Vietnam. The study further suggests that these countries may need to strategically increase the support sought from foreign ODA to boost their rate of development in the near future. The results of this study provide a suggestive framework on which to base future ODA strategies. First, a clear paradigm shift is needed to enhance aid effectiveness. ODA should be designed to take into account the beneficiary s specific needs and priorities, i.e. customized aid, rather than designed as a comprehensive economic tool to meet the common demands of all developing nations. Also, for the customized ODA considering individual country’s characteristics, South Korea must develop high impact ODA programs that incorporate sharing of knowledge gained from its past experiences. Second, South Korea should continuously strive to improve both the volume and quality of its ODA programs. Additionally, departments responsible for implementing ODA programs and projects, especially for the customized ODA policy, must be significantly strengthened from institutional and organizational perspectives. A new organization may be needed to integrate the functions that are currently shared by several different ministries. Finally, in order to promote aid effectiveness for the customized ODA and transparency by strengthening the management system, a

목차

Ⅰ. 서 론

Ⅱ. 실증분석

Ⅲ. 실증분석 결과의 시사점

키워드

ODA governance effectiveness customized aid economic growth