영국 보수당-자유민주당 연립정권의 상원개혁 시도

• 영문명: The UK Conservative-Liberal Democrat Coalition’s Attempt at Lords Reform- Focusing on Political Implications of Its Failure -
• 발행기관: 한국외국어대학교 영미연구소
• 저자명: 김상수(Kim, Sangsoo)
• 간행물 정보: 『영미연구』제35집, 283~308쪽, 전체 26쪽
• 주제분류: 어문학 > 영어와문학
• 파일형태: PDF
• 발행일자: 2015.12.30

영문 초록

This article deals with the historical process of Lords reform of the UK, which began with the Parliament Act 1911. The People`s Budget proposed by the Liberal Party in 1909 provoked the Conservative Party to break the convention that Money Bills supported by the Commons should not be vetoed by the Lords. This was followed by the Liberals’ political manoeuvre to weaken the power of the Lords, which had been dominated by the Conservatives and frequently thwarted the Liberals’ reform policies throughout the nineteenth century. The Parliament Act 1911 prohibited the Lords veto over Money Bills and restricted its power to delay the Bills passed by the Commons within two years. Another series of Lords reforms was initiated by Tony Blair’s new Labour government in 1998. Encouraged by the landslide general election victory in 1997, the Labour Party succeeded in removing most of the hereditary peers from the House of Lords. Although the Conservatives fiercly resisted this reform, Blair made the reform Bill passed by both Houses of Parliament. The Labour continued to pursue further reforms of the Lords and the Liberal Democrats supported this process because they wanted to exert political powers through the reformed Lords in the situation that it was very difficult to send enough candidates to the House of Commons due to the first-past-the-post system. The Conservative-Lib Dem Coalition government wanted to reform the House of Lords by making its composition to include more than 80% of elected members. As the Liberal Democrats had already failed to displace the first-past-the-the-post system with an alternative voting system, they began to focus on reforming the Lords in 2012. Their effort was, however, faced with Tory rebel’s resistance in the second reading of the House of Commons, and the House of Lords Reform Bill was abandoned. This triggered political conflict between the Conservatives and the Liberal Democrats. Since winning the majority of the seats of the Commons in the general election 1915, the Conservatives have not paid enough attention to the Lords reform, while attempting to appoint more peers to the Lords, who take favourable attitudes toward the Conservatives.

목차

Ⅰ. 서론: 상원개혁의 역사적 배경

Ⅱ. 1999년의 상원개혁: 세습작위귀족의 퇴출

Ⅲ. 보수당-자유민주당 연립내각의 상원 개혁법안(2011)

Ⅳ. 보수당과 노동당의 반발과 법안의 실패

Ⅴ. 결론: 2015년 총선의 영향

키워드

The Conservative Party The Liberal Democratic Party The Labour Party The Colation government Lords reform 영국 보수당 영국 자유민주당 영국 노동당 연립정부 상원개혁