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開港期 朝鮮에서 死亡한 日本軍의 야스쿠니(靖國)神社 合祀

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영문명
Japanese War dead Who Died in the Late 19th Century Korea and Yasukuni Shrine - during the Period from the Ganghwa-do Incident to the Sino-Japanese War -
발행기관
한일민족문제학회
저자명
송경섭(Song, Kyung-Seop)(宋庚燮) 김광열(Kim, Gwang-Yol)(金廣烈)
간행물 정보
『韓日民族問題硏究』제24집, 5~59쪽, 전체 54쪽
주제분류
인문학 > 역사학
파일형태
PDF
발행일자
2013.06.30
9,280

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논문 표지

국문 초록

This paper intends to clarify how the Japanese Imperial government enshrined Japanese soldiers and military works who died in Korea, where the Ganghwa-do Incident(1876), Immo Military Revolt(1882), the Gapsin coup(1884) and the Sino-Japanese War(1894) took place and to investigate the relationship between the Yasukuni Shrine and the Japanese invasion of Korea. Contrary to the Japanese traditional shrines in general, the Yasukuni Shrine was a national principal shrine with special status which was supported and administrated by the Army Ministry and Navy Ministry of Japan. All the people who died in Ganghwa-do Incident which was a prelude to Japanese invasion of Korea and Im-O Military Revolt and the Gapsin coup which happened when the Empire of Japan and the Qing Dynasty competed each other primarily over the control of Korea, are confirmed to have been enshrined in the Yasukuni Shrine afterwards. In November, 1894, the Empire of Japan totally destroyed the Donghak peasantry movement mostly through the 19th Regiment of Foot’s ruthless military intervention and at the same time, brought on war against the Qing Dynasty with the intention of removing Chinese influence in Korea and monopolizing their rights and interests there. As a result of the Sino-Japanese War whose battles were fought in Korea, about 13,500 Japanese soldiers died while the majority of them by diseases. Due to this fact, the Japanese government had to change the way of enshrinement after the end of the war. The Army Ministry constituted a Searching Committee of Special Enshrinement and tried to choose and list the names of the dead from diseases as well as those who died in battles for enshrinement. Consequently, the Army Ministry got the permission of the Emperor via the Minister of the Imperial Household for ‘special’ enshrinement of the soldiers who died of diseases. The unprecedented special enshrinement was realized when the provisional celebration was held in November, 1898. Those who were enshrined included the dead from diseases who previously belonged to the 19th Regiment of Foot and slaughtered the Donghak peasantry army, dealing with them as ‘mob’ or ‘rioters’ even if the Korean peasants rose up against foreign interference to save the country. Since then, the Army Ministry continued to search for as many soldiers and military workers who died in Korea as possible to be enshrined. They determined the detailed criteria for classification of those who died of diseases and included those who got diseases during the war and died after returning to Japan as well as those who died of diseases before the war ended in the list of enshrinement. The ‘special’ enshrinement took place at the 26th and 27th rites of the Yasukuni Shrine according to the way of the 25th provisional celebration. The Army Ministry took a central role of determining enshrinement and even fixing some mistakes which occurred in the process. Considering the reason why the Japanese military participated in battles in Korea, the enshrinement of war dead in the Yasukuni Shrine was no other than the reward of their invasion of Korea.

영문 초록

本論文は開港期の朝鮮で起った江華島事件、壬午軍乱、甲申政変、東学農民戦争、日清戦争で死亡した日本軍軍人ㆍ軍属がどのように靖国神社へ合祀されたのかを究明し、日本帝国主義の朝鮮侵略と靖国神社との関連性を明らかにしようとするものである。 江華島事件、壬午軍乱、甲申政変、東学農民戦争、日清戦争の時、朝鮮に派遣され死亡した日本軍関係者は全て日本帝国政府の陸海軍省が直接管理した別格官弊社である靖国神社に合祀された。1894年11月、日本帝国は朝鮮における権益を独占するために、不当にも朝鮮の内戦である東学農民戦争に介入するとともに、清国との戦争を起こした。その間、日本軍は後備歩兵第19大隊を朝鮮の南部に派兵して、救国のために蜂起した東学農民軍を徹底的に攻撃して全滅させた。朝鮮に侵入して日清戦争を遂行した日本軍は約1萬3500人の死亡者が出したが、その8割以上が病死であった。このような事態は以降の靖国神社の合祀形態を変化させた。 陸軍省はその事後処理のため「靖国神社特別合祀者調査委員会」を立ち上げ、戦死者やもちろん病死者も審査して最大限に合祀の範囲に入れる作業を進めた。それによって、陸軍省は選別された合祀対象者たちを、宮内大臣を経由して天皇に許諾を得てから、1898年11月に行われた第25回靖国神社臨時大祭において従来にはなかった 「特別」合祀という形で祀った。これには東学農民軍を「土匪」や「暴徒」と恣意的な扱いをして殺戮した後備歩兵第19大隊の戦病死者も含まれている。 その後も、陸軍省は日清戦争に派兵され死亡した軍人ㆍ軍属を一人でも多く合祀させるために特別合祀者調査委員会を通して調査を続けた。そこで戦病死者だけでなく、戦地で得た病のため帰還後に死亡したことが確認できる者も「特別」合祀の対象に含めた。そして、新たに追加された合祀対象者は1899年に行われた靖国神社第26回、第27回の例大祭の時に 「特別」合祀という形で祀られた。 陸軍省は靖国神社の例大祭と臨時大祭において合祀対象者を決める全ての過程を主導したし、記録の誤謬すら細かくチェックするなどして、合祀作業の権威を保っていた。しかし、本論文の検討対象となった日本軍軍人ㆍ軍属の死亡者たちがそもそもなぜ朝鮮で戦闘を遂行していたのかその理由を直視すれば、彼らの靖国神社への合祀は他でもない朝鮮侵略の対価であったのである。

목차

Ⅰ. 머리말
Ⅱ. 靖國神社 創建과 朝鮮侵略 初期 日本軍 死亡者의 合祀
Ⅲ. 日本軍의 東學農民戰爭 介入과 死亡者 處理
Ⅳ. 淸日戰爭 派兵 日本軍 死亡者의 靖國神社 合祀
Ⅴ. 맺음말
요약
Abstract

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APA

송경섭(Song, Kyung-Seop)(宋庚燮),김광열(Kim, Gwang-Yol)(金廣烈). (2013).開港期 朝鮮에서 死亡한 日本軍의 야스쿠니(靖國)神社 合祀. 韓日民族問題硏究, 24 , 5-59

MLA

송경섭(Song, Kyung-Seop)(宋庚燮),김광열(Kim, Gwang-Yol)(金廣烈). "開港期 朝鮮에서 死亡한 日本軍의 야스쿠니(靖國)神社 合祀." 韓日民族問題硏究, 24.(2013): 5-59

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